Causes of Death and Subsequent Treatment after Initial Radical or Palliative Therapy of Stage iii Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: Stage iii lung cancer is the most advanced stage of lung cancer for which radical (potentially curative) treatment is often discussed. Understanding the reasons for mortality and subsequent treatments in patients with stage iii non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) is important. Methods: This retrospective cohort study extracted demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcomes data for patients with newly diagnosed stage iii nsclc diagnosed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 at a single institution. Results: The study included 237 patients with stage iii nsclc, 130 of whom were not treated with radical or curative intent (55%). Median survival in the entire cohort was 14 months from diagnosis. For patients treated with radical-intent therapy, causes of death varied with the time period. The hazard rate for death was approximately 2.8 per 100 person–months of follow-up over the entire disease course and was highest between 6 months and 24 months. Over the entire time period, local causes accounted for 29% of deaths; systemic non–central nervous system metastases, for 25%; and brain metastases, for 14%. For patients treated with palliative intent, the overwhelming cause of death was local disease complications or progression (56% of deaths). Only 12% of patients in the palliative treatment group who progressed received subsequent chemotherapy; 23% of patients in the radical group who progressed received palliative chemotherapy. The most frequent subsequent treatment in both groups was radiation therapy. Conclusions: The eventual life-ending event in stage iii nsclc varied for the patients who qualified for, and were treated with, radical or curative intent and for the patients who received palliative-intent therapy. Utilization of systemic chemotherapy in patients not fit for radical therapy is low.