Einfluss der Östrogene auf Herz- und Kreislauf- Erkrankungen bei der Frau
Summary
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Östrogenwirkungen auf das kardiovaskuläre System
- Protrahiert einsetzende Langzeiteffekte: Die Aktivierung des klassischen Östrogenrezeptors (ER) führt als typische Steroidwirkung zur mRNA-abhängigen Proteinsynthese (Transkription, Translation), induziert durch die Bindung des Hormon-RezeptorKomplexes an die DNA.
- Soforteffekte: Direkte Östrogeneffekte auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System bewirken akute, innert Minuten nachweisbare Veränderungen am Herz und an den Gefässen in vitro und in vivo (nicht-genomischer Effekt) vermutlich über die Veränderung physikalischer und elektrischer Membraneigenschaften, der Ionenpermeabilität oder durch direkte Aktivierung von «second messenger»-Systemen [9,10,11].
Wirkungen der Östrogene auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren
Östrogeneinflüsse auf das Gerinnungssystem
Gefässwirkungen der Östrogene in vivo
Mechanismen der Östrogenwirkungen auf die Gefässe
Beeinflussung des Endothels
Beeinflussung der glatten Gefässmuskulatur
Klinische Implikationen
References
- World Health Organisation. Health for all indicators. Statistical database for European region; WHO: Geneva, 1994. [Google Scholar]
- Fletcher, J.L.M.; Vessey, M.P. Coronary heart disease in women. Current trends and health economics. In European consensus development conference on menopause; Birkhäuser, M.H., Rozenbaum, H., Eds.; Editions ESKA: Paris, 1996; pp. 139–150. [Google Scholar]
- Stampfer, M.J.; Colditz, G.A.; Willett, W.C.; Manson, J.E.; Rosner, B.; Speizer, F.E.; et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurses’ Health Study. N Engl J Med 1991, 325, 756–762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Henderson, B.E.; Paganini-Hill, A.; Ross, R.K. Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151, 75–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Paganini-Hill, A.; Ross, R.K.; Henderson, B.E. Postmenopausal estrogen treatment and stroke: A prospective study. Br Med J 1988, 297, 519–522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Grodstein, F.; Stampfer, M.J.; Goldhaber, S.Z.; Manson, J.E.; Colditz, G.A.; Speizer, F.E.; et al. Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Lancet 1996, 348, 983–987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Sullivan, J.M.; van der Zwaag, R.; Hughes, J.P.; Maddock, V.; Kroetz, F.W.; Ramanathan, K.B.; et al. Estrogen replacement and coronary artery disease. Effect on survival in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150, 2557–2562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Grodstein, F.; Stampfer, M.J.; Manson, J.E.; Colditz, G.A.; Willett, W.C.; Rosner, B.; et al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996, 335, 453–461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Farhat, M.Y.; Abi-Younes, S.; Ramwell, P.W. Non-genomic effects of estrogen and the vessel wall. Biochem Pharmacol 1996, 51, 571–576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Gorodeski, G.I.; Utian, W.H. Epidemiology and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. In Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: Basic and clinical aspects; Lobo, R.A., Ed.; Raven Press: New York, 1994; pp. 199–221. [Google Scholar]
- Moss, R.L.; Gu, Q.; Wong, M. Estrogen: nontranscriptional signaling pathway. Recent Prog Horm Res 1997, 52, 33–68. [Google Scholar]
- Karas, R.H.; Patterson, B.L.; Mendelsohn, M.E. Human vascular smooth muscle cells contain functional estrogen receptor. Circulation 1994, 89, 1943–1950. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Venkov, C.D.; Rankin, A.B.; Vaughan, D.E. Identification of authentic estrogen receptor in cultured endothelial cells. A potential mechanism for steroid hormone regulation of endothelial function. Circulation 1996, 94, 727–733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Kim-Schulze, S.; Hubchak, S.C.; McGowan, K.A.; Schnaper, H.W. Identification of a functional estrogen receptor in human endothelial cells. Circulation 1995, 92, i-659. [Google Scholar]
- Espinosa, E.; Oemar, B.S.; Lüscher, T.F. 17β-Estradiol and smooth muscle cell proliferation in aortic cells of male and female rats. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1996, 221, 8–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Hardy, S.; Valverde, M.A. Novel plasma membrane action of estrogen and antiestrogens revealed by their regulation of a large conductance chloride channel. FASEB J 1994, 8, 760–765. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Nabulsi, A.A.; Folsom, A.R.; White, A.; Patsch, W.; Heiss, G.; Wu, K.K.; et al. Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1993, 328, 1069–1075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Krauss, R.M. Lipids and lipoproteins and effects of hormone replacement. In Treatment of the post-menopausal woman: Basic and clinical aspects; Lobo, R.A., Ed.; Raven Press: New York, 1994; pp. 235–242. [Google Scholar]
- Walsh, B.W.; Schiff, I.; Rosner, B.; Greenberg, L.; Ravnikar, V.; Sacks, F.M. Effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on the concentrations and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med 1991, 325, 1196–1204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Samsioe, G. Cardioprotection by estrogens: mechanisms of action: the lipids. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1994, 39, 43–49. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Sack, M.N.; Rader, D.J.; Cannon, R.O. Estrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1994, 343, 269–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Darling, G.M.; Johns, J.A.; McCloud, P.I.; Davis, S.R. Estrogen and progestin compared with simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1997, 337, 595–601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Lobo, R.A.; Notelovitz, M.; Bernstein, L.; Khan, F.Y.; Ross, R.K.; Paul, W.L. Lp(a) lipoprotein: relationship to cardiovascular disease risk factors, exercise, and estrogen. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992, 166, 1182–1190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Crook, D.; Cust, M.P.; Gangar, K.F.; Worthington, M.; Hillard, T.C.; Stevenson, J.C.; et al. Comparison of transdermal and oral estrogen-progestin replacement therapy: Effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992, 166, 950–955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Glueck, C.J.; Scheel, D.; Fishback, J.; Steiner, P. Estrogen-induced pancreatitis in patients with previously covert familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia. Metabolism 1972, 21, 657–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Barrett-Connor, E.; Laakso, M. Ischemic heart disease risk in postmenopausal women. Effects of estrogen use on glucose and insulin levels. Arteriosclerosis 1990, 10, 531–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Stevenson, J.C.; Proudler, A.J.; Walton, C.; Godsland, I.F. HRT mechanisms of action: carbohydrates. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1994, 39, 50–55. [Google Scholar]
- Lindheim, S.R.; Presser, S.C.; Ditkoff, E.C.; Vijod, M.A.; Stanczyk, F.Z.; Lobo, R.A. A possible bimodal effect of estrogen on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women and the attenuating effect of added progestin. Fertil Steril 1993, 60, 664–667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- 29 de Ziegler, D.; Bessis, R.; Frydman, R. Vascular resistance of uterine arteries: Physiological effects of estradiol and progesterone. Fertil Steril 1991, 55, 775–779. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Penotti, M.; Nencioni, T.; Gabrielli, L.; Faria, M.; Castiglioni, E.; Polvani, F. Blood flow variations in internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries induced by postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993, 169, 1226–1232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Luotola, H. Blood pressure and hemodynamics in postmenopausal women during estradiol 17-beta substitution. Ann Clin Res 1983, 15, 1–121. [Google Scholar]
- The Writing Group for the PEPI-Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1995, 273, 199–208. [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Staessen, J.A.; Bulpitt, C.J.; Fagard, R.; Lijnen, P.; Amery, A. The influence of menopause on blood pressure. In Hypertension in postmenopausal women; Safar, M.E., Stimpel, M., Zanchetti, A., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg; New York, 1994; pp. 15–26. [Google Scholar]
- Lobo, R.A. Cardiovascular implications of estrogen replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1990, 75, 18S–25S; discussion 31S-5S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Cacciabaudo, J.M.; Sealey, J.E. Hormone replacement therapy and hypertension: relationship to the renin-angiotensin-system. In Hypertension in postmenopausal women; Safar, M.E., Stimpel, M., Zanchetti, A., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg; New York, 1994; pp. 53–63. [Google Scholar]
- Cambien, F.; Costerousse, O.; Tiret, L. Plasma level and gene polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme in relation to myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994, 90, 669–676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Proudler, A.J.; Ahmed, A.I.H.; Crook, D.; Fogelman, I.; Rymer, J.M.; Stevenson, J.C. Hormone replacement therapy and serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1995, 346, 89–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Hajjar, K.A.; Gavish, D.; Breslow, J.L.; Nachman, R.L. Lipoprotein(a) modulation of endothelial cell surface fibrinolysis and its potential role in atherosclerosis. Nature 1989, 339, 303–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Godsland, I.F. Anti-atheroskerotic effects of oestrogens. In European consensus development conference on menopause; Birkhäuser, M.H., Rozenbaum, H., Eds.; Editions ESKA: Paris, 1996; pp. 161–169. [Google Scholar]
- The Writing Group for the Estradiol Clotting Factors Study. Effects on haemostasis of hormone replacement therapy with transdermal estradiol and oral sequential medroxyprogesterone acetate: A 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thromb Haemost 1996, 75, 476–480. [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Kroon, U.B.; Silverstolpe, G.; Tengborn, L. The effects of trans-dermal estradiol and oral conjugated estrogens on haemo-stasis variables. Thromb Haemost 1994, 71, 420–423. [Google Scholar]
- Macdonald, P.S.; Read, M.A.; Dusting, G.J. Synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostacyclin. Thromb Res 1988, 49, 437–439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Notelovitz, M. Hormone therapy and hemostasis. In Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: Basic and clinical aspects; Lobo, R.A., Ed.; Raven Press: New York, 1994; pp. 271–81. [Google Scholar]
- Devor, M.; Barrett-Connor, E.; Renvall, M.; Feigal, D.; Ramsdell, J. Estrogen replacement and the risk of venous thrombosis. Am J Med 1992, 92, 275–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Samsioe, G. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1993, 38, 23–29. [Google Scholar]
- Daly, E.; Vessey, M.P.; Hawkins, M.M.; Carson, J.L.; Gough, P.; Marsh, S. Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 1996, 348, 977–980. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Jick, H.; Derby, L.E.; Myers, M.W.; Vasilakis, C.; Newton, K.M. Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thrombo-embolism among users of postmenopausal estrogens. Lancet 1996, 348, 981–983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Lobo, R.A. Estrogen and the risk of coagulopathy [editorial]. Am J Med 1992, 92, 283–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Vandenbroucke, J.P.; Koster, T.; Briet, E.; Reitsma, P.H.; Bertina, R.M.; Rosendaal, F.R. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994, 344, 1453–1457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Wouters, M.G.A.J; Moorrees, M.T.E.C; vd Mooren, M.J.; Blom, H.J.; Boers, G.H.J.; Schellekens, L.A.; et al. Plasma homocysteine and menopausal status. Eur J Clin Invest 1995, 25, 801–805. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Mooren, M.J.; Wouters, MGAJ; Blom, H.J.; Schellekens, L.A.; Eskes, TKAB; Rolland, R. Hormone replacement therapy may reduce high serum homocysteine in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 1994, 24, 733–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Anker, G.; Lonning, P.E.; Ueland, P.M.; Refsum, H.; Lien, E.A. Plasma levels of the atherogenic amino acid homocysteine in postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. Int J Cancer 1995, 60, 365–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Gilligan, D.M.; Badar, D.M.; Panza, J.A.; Quyyumi, A.A.; Cannon, R.O. Acute vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994, 90, 786–791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Ludmer, P.L.; Selwyn, A.P.; Shook, T.L.; Wayne, R.R.; Mudge, G.H.; Alexander, R.W.; et al. Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 1986, 315, 1046–1051. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Gilligan, D.M.; Quyyumi, A.A.; Cannon, R.O.; Johnson, G.B.; Schenke, W.H. Effects of physiological levels of estrogen on coronary vasomotor function in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994, 89, 2545–2551. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Collins, P.; Rosano, G.M.C.; Sarrel, P.M.; Ulrich, L.; Adamopoulos, S.; Beale, C.M.; et al. 17 beta-estradiol attenuates acetylcholine-induced coronary arterial constriction in women but not men with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995, 92, 24–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Rosano, G.M.C.; Sarrel, P.M.; Poole-Wilson, P.A.; Collins, P. Beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in women with coronary artery disease. Lancet 1993, 342, 133–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Weiner, C.P.; Lizasoain, I.; Bailis, S.A.; Knowles, R.G.; Charles, I.G.; Moncada, S. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 1994, 91, 5212–5216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Weiner, C.P.; Knowles, R.G.; Moncada, S. Induction of nitric oxide synthases early in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994, 171, 838–843. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Katsuaki, S.; Shimosegawa, Y.; Nakano, M. Estrogens as natural antioxidants of membrane phospholipid peroxidation. FEBS Letters 1987, 210, 37–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Boulanger, C.; Lüscher, T.F. Release of endothelin from the por-cine aorta: Inhibition by endothelium-derived nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 1990, 85, 587–590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Mikkola, T.; Turunen, P.; Avela, K.; Orpana, A.; Viinikka, L.; Ylikorkala, O. 17β-estradiol stimulates prostacyclin, but not endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1995, 80, 1832–1836. [Google Scholar]
- Polderman, K.H.; Stehouver, C.D.A.; van Kamp, G.J.; Dekker, G.A.; Verheugt, F.W.A.; Gooren, LJG. Influence of sex hormones on plasma endothelin levels. Ann Intern Med 1993, 118, 429–432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Ylikorkala, O.; Orpana, A.; Puolakka, J.; Pyorala, T.; Viinikka, L. Postmenopausal hormonal replacement decreases plasma levels of endothelin-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1995, 80, 3384–3387. [Google Scholar]
- Morales, D.E.; McGowan, K.A.; Grant, D.S.; Maheshwari, S.; Bhartiya, D.; Cid, M.C.; et al. Estrogen promotes angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in a murine model. Circulation 1995, 91, 755–763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Ross, R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993, 362, 801–809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Yang, Z.; Stulz, P.; von Segesser, L.; Bauer, E.; Turina, M.; Lüscher, T.F. Different interactions of platelets with arterial and venous coronary bypass vessels. Lancet 1991, 337, 939–943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Lüscher, T.F.; Diederich, D.; Siebenmann, R.; Lehmann, K.; Stulz, P.; von Segesser, L.; et al. Differences between endothelium-dependent relaxation in arterial and in venous coronary bypass grafts. N Engl J Med 1988, 319, 462–467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Dai-Do, D.; Espinosa, E.; Liu, G.; Rabelink, T.J.; Julmy, F.; Yang, Z.; et al. 17β-estradiol inhibits proliferation and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells: Similar effects in cells from postmenopausal females and in males. Cardiovasc Res 1996, 32, 980–985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Chen, S.J.; Li, H.; Durand, J.; Oparil, S.; Chen, Y.F. Estrogen reduces myointimal proliferation after balloon injury of rat carotid artery. Circulation 1996, 93, 577–584. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Shu-Zhong, H.; Karaki, H.; Ouchi, Y.; Akishita, M.; Orimo, H. 17β-estradiol inhibits Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release induced by thromboxane A2 in porcine coronary artery. Circulation 1995, 91, 2619–2626. [Google Scholar]
- Jiang, C.; Sarrel, P.M.; Poole-Wilson, P.A.; Collins, P. Acute effect of 17β-estradiol on rabbit coronary artery contractile responses to endothelin-1. Am J Physiol 1992, 263, H271–H275. [Google Scholar]
- Finucane, F.F.; Madans, J.H.; Bush, T.L.; Wolf, P.H.; Kleinman, J.C. Decreased risk of stroke among post-menopausal hormone users. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153, 73–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
- Gruchow, H.W.; Anderson, A.J.; Barboriak, J.J.; Sobocinski, K.A. Postmenopausal use of estrogen and occlusion of coronary arteries. Am Heart J 1988, 115, 954–963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Gindoff, P.R.; Stillman, R.J. Influence of cigarette smoking on age at menopause, estrogen-related disease, and hormone replacement therapy. In Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: Basic and clinical aspects; Lobo, R.A., Ed.; Raven Press: New York, 1994; pp. 295–299. [Google Scholar]
- Paganini-Hill, A.; Henderson, V.W. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 140, 256–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Colditz, G.A.; Hankinson, S.E.; Hunter, D.J.; Willett, W.C.; Manson, J.E.; Stampfer, M.J.; et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1995, 332, 1589–1593. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
- Stanford, J.L.; Weiss, N.S.; Voigt, L.F.; Daling, J.R.; Habel, L.A.; Rossing, M. Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. JAMA 1995, 274, 137–142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]








© 1998 by the author. Attribution - Non-Commercial - NoDerivatives 4.0.
Share and Cite
Wight, E.; Barton, M.; Yang, Z.; Arnet, U.; Liischer, T.F. Einfluss der Östrogene auf Herz- und Kreislauf- Erkrankungen bei der Frau. Cardiovasc. Med. 1998, 1, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiovascmed1040055
Wight E, Barton M, Yang Z, Arnet U, Liischer TF. Einfluss der Östrogene auf Herz- und Kreislauf- Erkrankungen bei der Frau. Cardiovascular Medicine. 1998; 1(4):273-284. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiovascmed1040055
Chicago/Turabian StyleWight, E., M. Barton, Z. Yang, U. Arnet, and Thomas F. Liischer. 1998. "Einfluss der Östrogene auf Herz- und Kreislauf- Erkrankungen bei der Frau" Cardiovascular Medicine 1, no. 4: 273-284. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiovascmed1040055
APA StyleWight, E., Barton, M., Yang, Z., Arnet, U., & Liischer, T. F. (1998). Einfluss der Östrogene auf Herz- und Kreislauf- Erkrankungen bei der Frau. Cardiovascular Medicine, 1(4), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiovascmed1040055
