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Article

Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin

by
Rachel Pomazal
1,*,
Kristen M. C. Malecki
2,
Laura McCulley
3,
Noah Stafford
3,
Mikayla Schowalter
1 and
Amy Schultz
3
1
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
2
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
3
Survey of the Health of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301
Submission received: 8 February 2023 / Revised: 10 March 2023 / Accepted: 13 March 2023 / Published: 29 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcohol Use and Misuse: A Public Health Perspective)
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Abstract

Alcohol consumption often increases in times of stress such as disease outbreaks. Wisconsin has historically ranked as one of the heaviest drinking states in the United States with a persistent drinking culture. Few studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption after the first few months of the pandemic. The primary aim of this study is to identify factors related to changes in drinking at three timepoints during the first eighteen months of the pandemic. Survey data was collected from May to June 2020 (Wave 1), from January to February 2021 (Wave 2), and in June 2021 (Wave 3) among past participants of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. Study participants included 1290, 1868, and 1827 participants in each survey wave, respectively. Participants were asked how their alcohol consumption changed in each wave. Being younger, having anxiety, a bachelor’s degree or higher, having higher income, working remotely, and children in the home were significantly associated with increased drinking in all waves. Using logistic regression modeling, younger age was the most important predictor of increased alcohol consumption in each wave. Young adults in Wisconsin may be at higher risk for heavy drinking as these participants were more likely to increase alcohol use in all three surveys.
Keywords: alcohol consumption; COVID-19; statewide sample alcohol consumption; COVID-19; statewide sample

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pomazal, R.; Malecki, K.M.C.; McCulley, L.; Stafford, N.; Schowalter, M.; Schultz, A. Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301

AMA Style

Pomazal R, Malecki KMC, McCulley L, Stafford N, Schowalter M, Schultz A. Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(7):5301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pomazal, Rachel, Kristen M. C. Malecki, Laura McCulley, Noah Stafford, Mikayla Schowalter, and Amy Schultz. 2023. "Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7: 5301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301

APA Style

Pomazal, R., Malecki, K. M. C., McCulley, L., Stafford, N., Schowalter, M., & Schultz, A. (2023). Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301

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