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Review

Indigenous Cultural Safety Training for Applied Health, Social Work, and Education Professionals: A PRISMA Scoping Review

by
Tammy L. MacLean
1,*,
Jinfan Rose Qiang
2,
Lynn Henderson
3,
Andrea Bowra
1,
Lisa Howard
4,
Victoria Pringle
2,
Tenzin Butsang
1,
Emma Rice
1,
Erica Di Ruggiero
5 and
Angela Mashford-Pringle
4
1
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
2
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
3
Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
4
Waakebiness Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
5
Centre for Global Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 5217; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065217
Submission received: 17 January 2023 / Revised: 25 February 2023 / Accepted: 2 March 2023 / Published: 22 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addressing Health Disparities in Disadvantaged and Vulnerable Groups)
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Abstract

Anti-Indigenous racism is a widespread social problem in health and education systems in English-speaking colonized countries. Cultural safety training (CST) is often promoted as a key strategy to address this problem, yet little evidence exists on how CST is operationalized and evaluated in health and education systems. This scoping review sought to broadly synthesize the academic literature on how CST programs are developed, implemented, and evaluated in the applied health, social work and education fields in Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, and ASSIA were searched for articles published between 1996 and 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s three-step search strategy and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews were adopted, with 134 articles included. CST programs have grown significantly in the health, social work, and education fields in the last three decades, and they vary significantly in their objectives, modalities, timelines, and how they are evaluated. The involvement of Indigenous peoples in CST programs is common, but their roles are rarely specified. Indigenous groups must be intentionally and meaningfully engaged throughout the entire duration of research and practice. Cultural safety and various related concepts should be careful considered and applied for the relevant context.
Keywords: cultural safety; cultural competence; Indigenous health; Aboriginal health; health education; nursing; medicine; allied health; anti-racism; meta-synthesis cultural safety; cultural competence; Indigenous health; Aboriginal health; health education; nursing; medicine; allied health; anti-racism; meta-synthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

MacLean, T.L.; Qiang, J.R.; Henderson, L.; Bowra, A.; Howard, L.; Pringle, V.; Butsang, T.; Rice, E.; Di Ruggiero, E.; Mashford-Pringle, A. Indigenous Cultural Safety Training for Applied Health, Social Work, and Education Professionals: A PRISMA Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065217

AMA Style

MacLean TL, Qiang JR, Henderson L, Bowra A, Howard L, Pringle V, Butsang T, Rice E, Di Ruggiero E, Mashford-Pringle A. Indigenous Cultural Safety Training for Applied Health, Social Work, and Education Professionals: A PRISMA Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065217

Chicago/Turabian Style

MacLean, Tammy L., Jinfan Rose Qiang, Lynn Henderson, Andrea Bowra, Lisa Howard, Victoria Pringle, Tenzin Butsang, Emma Rice, Erica Di Ruggiero, and Angela Mashford-Pringle. 2023. "Indigenous Cultural Safety Training for Applied Health, Social Work, and Education Professionals: A PRISMA Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065217

APA Style

MacLean, T. L., Qiang, J. R., Henderson, L., Bowra, A., Howard, L., Pringle, V., Butsang, T., Rice, E., Di Ruggiero, E., & Mashford-Pringle, A. (2023). Indigenous Cultural Safety Training for Applied Health, Social Work, and Education Professionals: A PRISMA Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065217

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