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Systematic Review

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA

by
Talita Monsores Paixão
1,
Liliane Reis Teixeira
1,
Carlos Augusto Ferreira de Andrade
2,
Debora Sepulvida
3,
Martha Martinez-Silveira
4,
Camila Nunes
5 and
Carlos Eduardo Gomes Siqueira
6,*
1
Center of Studies of Worker Health and Human Ecology, National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
2
Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
3
Brazilian Worker Center, Boston, MA 02134, USA
4
Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
5
Fluminense Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology, Campos dos Goytacazes 28030-130, Brazil
6
School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021307
Submission received: 3 November 2022 / Revised: 4 January 2023 / Accepted: 5 January 2023 / Published: 11 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Exclusive Collection for Youth and Junior Researchers in Section Global Health)
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Abstract

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally. Latino populations in the USA have shown an alarming increase in factors associated with MetS in recent years. The objective of the present systematic review was to determine the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in immigrant Latinos in the USA and perform a meta-analysis of those prevalence. The review included cross-sectional, cohort, or case–control studies involving adult immigrant Latinos in the USA, published during the period 1980–2020 in any language. Studies involving individuals who were pregnant, aged <18 years, immigrant non-Latinos, published outside the 1980–2020 period, or with other design types were excluded. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review included 60 studies, and the meta-analysis encompassed 52 studies. The pooled prevalence found for hypertension, diabetes, general obesity, and abdominal obesity were 28% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 23–33%), 17% (95% CI: 14–20%), 37% (95% CI: 33–40%), and 54% (95% CI: 48–59%), respectively. The quality of the evidence of the primary studies was classified as low or very low. Few studies including immigrants from South America were identified. Further studies of those immigrants are needed due to the cultural, dietary, and language disparities among Latin American countries. The research protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF).
Keywords: metabolic syndrome; Latinos; immigrants; USA metabolic syndrome; Latinos; immigrants; USA

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paixão, T.M.; Teixeira, L.R.; Andrade, C.A.F.d.; Sepulvida, D.; Martinez-Silveira, M.; Nunes, C.; Siqueira, C.E.G. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021307

AMA Style

Paixão TM, Teixeira LR, Andrade CAFd, Sepulvida D, Martinez-Silveira M, Nunes C, Siqueira CEG. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paixão, Talita Monsores, Liliane Reis Teixeira, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de Andrade, Debora Sepulvida, Martha Martinez-Silveira, Camila Nunes, and Carlos Eduardo Gomes Siqueira. 2023. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021307

APA Style

Paixão, T. M., Teixeira, L. R., Andrade, C. A. F. d., Sepulvida, D., Martinez-Silveira, M., Nunes, C., & Siqueira, C. E. G. (2023). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021307

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