Morphological Characteristics and Prevention of Tooth Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment with Non-Removable Appliances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. In Vitro Study
2.3. Artificial Caries Induction
2.4. Morphological Study
- Decalcification for 3 days in 5% nitric acid solution.
- Washing with running tap water during the day 5–6 times to remove the acid solution.
- Washed tissues were transferred to alcohol solutions of increasing concentrations for the dehydration procedure.
- After dehydration, a cleaning procedure was carried out by soaking in a xylol solution.
- The cleaned tissues were transferred into soft paraffin (melting point 46–48 °C).
- Then they were blocked by pouring into hard paraffin (melting point 56–58 °C).
- Preparation of 5 µm, 7 µm, and 10 µm thick sagittal sections taken from blocked tissues by means of a rotary microtome (Leitz, Wetzlar, Germany).
- Staining with Ehrlich’s hematoxylin for 5–10 min.
- After staining, the sections were dehydrated and covered with a coverslip [26].
2.5. Exclusion Criteria of Clinical Study
- The presence of white spots on the teeth before fixing the braces.
- Refusal of the patient or parents to participate in the study.
- Ineligibility for the studied age groups.
2.6. In Vivo Study
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Results of Studies In Vitro
3.2. Results of Morphological Study
3.3. Clinical Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Khachatryan, G.; Markaryan, M.; Vardanyan, I.; Manrikyan, M.; Manrikyan, G. Morphological Characteristics and Prevention of Tooth Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment with Non-Removable Appliances. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010540
Khachatryan G, Markaryan M, Vardanyan I, Manrikyan M, Manrikyan G. Morphological Characteristics and Prevention of Tooth Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment with Non-Removable Appliances. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010540
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhachatryan, Gagik, Marina Markaryan, Izabella Vardanyan, Mikayel Manrikyan, and Gayane Manrikyan. 2023. "Morphological Characteristics and Prevention of Tooth Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment with Non-Removable Appliances" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010540