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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19084569
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Article

Association among Helicobacter pylori Infection, Tooth Loss, and Heavy Medal Exposure in a Chinese Rural Population

by
Jun Yan
1,2,3,†,
Honglong Zhang
3,†,
Zenan Hu
4,
Xuan Zhang
5,
Jingping Niu
6,
Bin Luo
6,
Haiping Wang
2,3 and
Xun Li
1,2,3,*
1
Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
3
The First School of Clinical Medine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
4
Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
5
School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, China
6
Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4569; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084569
Submission received: 8 February 2022 / Revised: 18 March 2022 / Accepted: 7 April 2022 / Published: 11 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparities on Environmental Epidemiology and Risks)
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Abstract

Previous research suggests that heavy metals may be associated with increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. This study investigated the effect of heavy metal exposure (Pb and Cd) on tooth loss and H. pylori infection in a Chinese rural population, who live near a mining and smelting area. Blood samples were collected from the study participants to estimate the lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure levels. H. pylori infection was analyzed using the 14C-urea breath test, and the number of missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), and missing or filled teeth (MFT) were counted by conducting a physical examination. Regression analysis was used to assess the difference between H. pylori-positive and -negative individuals in the MT, FT, and MFT groups, adjusting for confounders. The H. pylori infection prevalence was higher in individuals in the high Cd or high Pb groups than that in the low Cd or low Pb groups (p < 0.05). In addition, greater numbers of FT and MFT were observed in individuals in the high Pb group than those in the low Pb group (p < 0.05). We further found 8.7% (95% CI, 2.8–23.8%, p = 0.017) of the effect of the high BPb level on H. pylori infection risk could be statistically explained by FT using amediation analyses in adjusted models, and 6.8% (95% CI, 1.6–24.8%, p = 0.066) by MFT. Furthermore, FT and MFT were significantly associated with increased risk for H. pylori infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.938, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.125–21.671; OR = 3.602, 95% CI: 1.218–10.648, respectively). Pb and Cd exposure may be associated with tooth loss and increased susceptibility to H. pylori infection, and tooth loss may be an independent risk factor for H. pylori infection.
Keywords: heavy metal; cadmium; lead; tooth loss; Helicobacter pylori; blood analysis; 14C-urea breath test heavy metal; cadmium; lead; tooth loss; Helicobacter pylori; blood analysis; 14C-urea breath test

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yan, J.; Zhang, H.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Niu, J.; Luo, B.; Wang, H.; Li, X. Association among Helicobacter pylori Infection, Tooth Loss, and Heavy Medal Exposure in a Chinese Rural Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084569

AMA Style

Yan J, Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Niu J, Luo B, Wang H, Li X. Association among Helicobacter pylori Infection, Tooth Loss, and Heavy Medal Exposure in a Chinese Rural Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(8):4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084569

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan, Jun, Honglong Zhang, Zenan Hu, Xuan Zhang, Jingping Niu, Bin Luo, Haiping Wang, and Xun Li. 2022. "Association among Helicobacter pylori Infection, Tooth Loss, and Heavy Medal Exposure in a Chinese Rural Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8: 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084569

APA Style

Yan, J., Zhang, H., Hu, Z., Zhang, X., Niu, J., Luo, B., Wang, H., & Li, X. (2022). Association among Helicobacter pylori Infection, Tooth Loss, and Heavy Medal Exposure in a Chinese Rural Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084569

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