The Effects of Short-Term PM2.5 Exposure on Pulmonary Function among Children with Asthma—A Panel Study in Shanghai, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Population
2.2. Lung Function Test and Questionnaire
2.3. Exposure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
3.2. Regression Analysis
3.3. Subgroup Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % | |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
boy | 39 | 55.71 |
girl | 31 | 44.29 |
Age | ||
<6 | 40 | 57.14 |
≥6 | 30 | 42.86 |
BMI,Mean ± SD | 16.55 ± 2.82 | |
Atopic dermatitis | ||
Yes | 44 | 62.86 |
No | 26 | 37.14 |
Allergic rhinitis | ||
Yes | 61 | 87.14 |
No | 9 | 12.86 |
Food or drug allergies | ||
Yes | 20 | 28.57 |
No | 50 | 71.43 |
Mother’s history of allergies | ||
Yes | 52 | 74.29 |
No | 18 | 25.71 |
Father’s allergy history | ||
Yes | 52 | 74.29 |
No | 18 | 25.71 |
Frequency of smoking in places where their children often had activities or rest | ||
0 units/day | 61 | 87.14 |
<1 unit/day | 2 | 2.86 |
1~5 units/day | 6 | 8.57 |
>5 units/day | 1 | 1.43 |
Frequency of contact between smokers and children | ||
0 h/day | 43 | 61.43 |
<1 h/day | 9 | 12.86 |
1–4 h/day | 11 | 15.71 |
4–8 h/day | 3 | 4.29 |
>8 h/day | 4 | 5.71 |
Mean | SD | Min | Max | IQR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily temperature (℃) | 19.17 | 9.03 | −0.10 | 32.20 | 16.40 |
Relative humidity (%) | 74.86 | 11.73 | 37.00 | 97.50 | 18.30 |
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 34.15 | 25.13 | 9.00 | 173.00 | 28.00 |
PM10 (μg/m3) | 50.69 | 26.46 | 13.00 | 166.00 | 34.00 |
O3 (μg/m3) | 107.34 | 48.04 | 32.00 | 251.00 | 67.00 |
SO2 (μg/m3) | 9.92 | 4.30 | 5.00 | 40.00 | 5.00 |
NO2 (μg/m3) | 40.38 | 19.84 | 13.00 | 118.00 | 26.00 |
CO (μg/m3) | 663.23 | 236.13 | 400.00 | 1800.00 | 200.00 |
FVC (L) | 1.63 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 3.85 | 0.62 |
FEV1 (L) | 1.36 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 3.45 | 0.51 |
PEF (L/s) | 3.03 | 1.61 | 1.05 | 21.80 | 1.43 |
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Zhou, J.; Lei, R.; Xu, J.; Peng, L.; Ye, X.; Yang, D.; Yang, S.; Yin, Y.; Zhang, R. The Effects of Short-Term PM2.5 Exposure on Pulmonary Function among Children with Asthma—A Panel Study in Shanghai, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811385
Zhou J, Lei R, Xu J, Peng L, Ye X, Yang D, Yang S, Yin Y, Zhang R. The Effects of Short-Term PM2.5 Exposure on Pulmonary Function among Children with Asthma—A Panel Study in Shanghai, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811385
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Ji, Ruoyi Lei, Jianming Xu, Li Peng, Xiaofang Ye, Dandan Yang, Sixu Yang, Yong Yin, and Renhe Zhang. 2022. "The Effects of Short-Term PM2.5 Exposure on Pulmonary Function among Children with Asthma—A Panel Study in Shanghai, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811385