A Retrospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases amongst Blue-Collar Migrant Workers in Qatar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Settings
2.2. Participants
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Employment
3.2. Ethnicity
3.3. Body Mass Index (BMI)
3.4. Duration of Residence
3.5. Diagnosis by ICD-10 and Association with Duration of Residence
3.6. Income and Medical Costs
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total No. of Patients (58,342) | ||
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | % | ||
Age of the participant * | |||
≤25 | 5318 | 9.1% | |
25–35 | 21,037 | 36.1% | |
35–45 | 18,806 | 32.3% | |
45–55 | 10,243 | 17.6% | |
55–65 | 2846 | 4.9% | |
Nationality | |||
India | 17,201 | 29.5% | |
Nepal | 16,687 | 28.6% | |
Bangladesh | 12,784 | 21.9% | |
Sri Lanka | 4082 | 7.0% | |
Egypt | 1968 | 3.4% | |
Philippines | 1743 | 3.0% | |
Pakistan | 1438 | 2.5% | |
Kenya | 530 | 0.9% | |
Ghana | 356 | 0.6% | |
Others | 1553 | 2.7% | |
Duration of residence in Qatar | |||
<6 months (m) | 663 | 1.1% | |
6 m to ≤1 year | 2308 | 4.0% | |
1.1 to ≤2 years | 9472 | 16.2% | |
2.1 to ≤5 years | 22,283 | 38.2% | |
5.1 to ≤6 years | 3907 | 6.7% | |
>6 years | 19,709 | 33.8% |
ICD Chapter | Total Patients (N = 58,342) n (%) * | Total Visits N = 119,581 n (%) * | Age of the Participants (Years) | Duration of Residence (Years) | Visits per Patient Mean ± SD Median [IQR] | Cost per Visit (QAR) Median [IQR] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E00–E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 10,712 (18.4) | 29,854 (25.0) | 45.4 ± 8.4 | 9.6 ± 8.0 | 2.8 ± 1.3, 3 [2,4] | 24 [11,46] |
H00–H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | 3552 (6.1) | 4065 (3.4) | 37.3 ± 9.7 | 6.3 ± 6.0 | 1.1 ± 0.5, 1 [1,1] | 2 [1,4] |
H60–H95: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | 1575 (2.7) | 1806 (1.5) | 35.4 ± 9.2 | 5.4 ± 5.0 | 1.1 ± 0.4, 1 [1,1] | 2 [1,3] |
I00–I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | 7644 (13.1) | 20,922 (17.5) | 46.5 ± 8.4 | 10.0 ± 8.3 | 2.7 ± 1.3, 3 [2,4] | 29 [12,48] |
J00–J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | 21,870 (37.5) | 30,486 (25.5) | 35.5 ± 9.3 | 5.3 ± 5.2 | 1.4 ± 0.8, 1 [1,2] | 1 [1,3] |
K00–K95: Diseases of the digestive system | 13,897 (23.8) | 19,347 (16.2) | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 5.8 ± 5.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8, 1 [1,2] | 2 [1,3] |
L00–L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 7591 (13.0) | 10,015 (8.4) | 35.7 ± 9.5 | 5.6 ± 5.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7, 1 [1,1] | 2 [1,4] |
M00–M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 16,996 (29.1) | 23,482 (19.6) | 37.2 ± 9.3 | 5.9 ± 5.7 | 1.4 ± 0.8, 1 [1,2] | 1 [1,2] |
N00–N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | 3590 (6.2) | 5259 (4.4) | 35.9 ± 9.4 | 5.8 ± 5.5 | 1.5 ± 0.8, 1 [1,2] | 2 [1,7] |
S00–T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | 7033 (12.1) | 7806 (6.5) | 34.4 ± 8.9 | 5.2 ± 4.8 | 1.1 ± 0.4, 1 [1,1] | 1 [1,1] |
ICD Chapters | <6 Months | 6–≤12 Months | 1–≤2Years | 2–≤5 Years | 5–≤6 Years | >6 Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
N = 663 | N = 2308 | N = 9472 | N = 22,283 | N = 3907 | N = 19,709 | |
E00–E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 148 (22.3) bcde | 222 (9.6) | 739 (7.8) | 2687 (12.1) bc | 623 (15.9) bcd | 6293 (31.9) abcde |
- E08–E13: Diabetes mellitus | 110 (16.6) bcde | 160 (6.9) | 512 (5.4) | 1792 (8.0) c | 418 (10.7) bcd | 4361 (22.1) abcde |
- E65–E68: Overweight, obesity and other hyperalimentation | 19 (2.9) c | 34 (1.5) | 112 (1.2) | 410 (1.8) c | 96 (2.5) e | 1101 (5.6) abcde |
- E70–E88: Metabolic disorders | 109 (16.4) bcde | 152 (6.6) | 515 (5.4) | 1983 (8.9) bc | 453 (11.6) bcd | 4904 (24.9) abcde |
- E00–07;15–16;20–35;50–64;89 Others | 8 (1.2) | 10 (0.4) | 33 (0.3) | 97 (0.4) | 21 (0.5) | 153 (0.8) |
H00–H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | 35 (5.3) | 164 (7.1) c | 515 (5.4) | 1325 (5.9) | 235 (6.0) | 1278 (6.5) c |
H60–H95: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | 16 (2.4) | 84 (3.6) f | 278 (2.9) | 620 (2.8) | 112 (2.9) f | 465 (2.4) |
I00–I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | 81 (12.2) bcd | 146 (6.3) | 528 (5.6) | 1793 (8.0) c | 453 (11.6) bcd | 4643 (23.6) abcde |
- I10–I16: Hypertensive diseases | 76 (11.5) bcd | 128 (5.5) | 455 (4.8) | 1615 (7.2) bc | 418 (10.7) bcd | 4431 (22.5) abcde |
- I20–I25: Ischemic heart diseases | 5 (0.8) | 9 (0.4) | 29 (0.3) | 106 (0.5) | 16 (0.4) | 257 (1.3) bcde |
- I00–02;05–09;26–28;30–52;60–89;95–99 Others | 3 (0.5) | 16 (0.7) | 65 (0.7) | 150 (0.7) | 32 (0.8) | 184 (0.9) d |
J00–J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | 254 (38.3) ef | 1082 (46.9) adef | 4204 (44.4) adef | 8607 (38.6) ef | 1384 (35.4) | 6339 (32.2) e |
K00–K95: Diseases of the digestive system | 170 (25.6) | 586 (25.4) f | 2361 (24.9) f | 5382 (24.2) f | 941 (24.1) | 4457 (22.6) |
L00–L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 85 (12.8) | 336 (14.6) f | 1315 (13.9) f | 3005 (13.5) f | 494 (12.6) | 2356 (12.0) |
M00–M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 187 (28.2) | 765 (33.1) cdef | 2713 (28.6) e | 6635 (29.8) ef | 1102 (28.2) | 5594 (28.4) e |
N00–N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | 56 (8.4) | 170 (7.4) | 598 (6.3) | 1370 (6.1) | 244 (6.2) | 1152 (5.8) |
S00–T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | 76 (11.5) | 321 (13.9) f | 1280 (13.5) f | 2943 (13.2) f | 501 (12.8) f | 1912 (9.7) |
Total Cost per Visit/ Every 2 Months | ||
---|---|---|
Paid by Ministry of Public Health | Paid by Patient | |
IM Specialist consultation | 84.19 | 0 |
Nurse | 29.00 | 0 |
Laboratory tests | 49.40 | 0 |
Medication for diabetes | 118.00 | 23.60 |
Medication for hypertension | 66.00 | 13.20 |
Medication for lipids | 7.70 | 1.54 |
Miscellaneous consumable items | 8.70 | 0 |
ECG | 1.80 | 0 |
Total Direct Cost | 364.79 | - |
Total Indirect Cost | 159.25 | - |
Overall Total Cost | 524.04 | 38.34 |
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Al-Hatimy, F.; Farooq, A.; Al Abiad, M.; Yerramsetti, S.; Al-Nesf, M.A.; Manickam, C.; Al-Thani, M.H.; Al-Khater, A.-H.; Samsam, W.; Mohamed-Ali, V.; et al. A Retrospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases amongst Blue-Collar Migrant Workers in Qatar. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042266
Al-Hatimy F, Farooq A, Al Abiad M, Yerramsetti S, Al-Nesf MA, Manickam C, Al-Thani MH, Al-Khater A-H, Samsam W, Mohamed-Ali V, et al. A Retrospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases amongst Blue-Collar Migrant Workers in Qatar. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042266
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Hatimy, Fatima, Abdulaziz Farooq, Mohamad Al Abiad, Shilpi Yerramsetti, Maryam Ali Al-Nesf, Chidambaram Manickam, Mohammed H. Al-Thani, Al-Hareth Al-Khater, Waseem Samsam, Vidya Mohamed-Ali, and et al. 2022. "A Retrospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases amongst Blue-Collar Migrant Workers in Qatar" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042266