Next Article in Journal
Human Augmentation Technologies for Employee Well-Being: A Research and Development Agenda
Next Article in Special Issue
Changes in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study
Previous Article in Journal
Self-Medication Perceptions and Practice of Medical and Pharmacy Students in Serbia
Previous Article in Special Issue
Maternal Mental Health under COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJERPH
Volume 19
Issue 3
10.3390/ijerph19031194
ijerph-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Change in Depression and Its Determinants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Examination among Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Adults

by
Yuzi Zhang
1,2,*,
Kathryn M. Janda
1,2,
Nalini Ranjit
1,2,
Deborah Salvo
3,
Aida Nielsen
1,2 and
Alexandra van den Berg
1,2
1
UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA
2
Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
3
Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031194
Submission received: 29 December 2021 / Revised: 18 January 2022 / Accepted: 18 January 2022 / Published: 21 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socioeconomic Status and Lifestyles as Determinants of Mental Health during the COVID-19 Outbreak)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This study examined longitudinal data to identify changes in the occurrence of depressive symptoms, and to explore if such changes were associated with socio-demographic, movement behaviors, and health variables during the COVID-19 pandemic, among a diverse sample of central Texas residents. Participants who completed two online surveys in 2020 (in June and November) from an on-going longitudinal study were included. Depressive symptoms were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Change in depressive symptoms’ occurrence status between the two time points was categorized into (1) stable/improved, and (2) consistent depressive symptoms/declined. Sociodemographic factors, movement behaviors and health data were self-reported. Statistical analyses utilized descriptive statistics and logistical regression. Among a total of 290 individuals (84.1% female; 71.0% racial/ethnic minorities), 13.5% were categorized as consistent depressive symptoms/declined. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that racial/ethnic minorities, older age, and increased physical activity were associated with a lower likelihood, while greater sedentary time was associated with higher likelihood of consistent depressive symptoms/declined status. Between 3 months and 8 months into the pandemic, various socio-demographic and behavioral variables were associated with changes in depressive symptoms’ occurrence status. Future research should explore the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on depression among a diverse population and identify risk factors for depression.
Keywords: depression; racial/ethnic minorities; health behaviors; longitudinal design; COVID-19; mental health; physical activity; sedentary time depression; racial/ethnic minorities; health behaviors; longitudinal design; COVID-19; mental health; physical activity; sedentary time

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Janda, K.M.; Ranjit, N.; Salvo, D.; Nielsen, A.; van den Berg, A. Change in Depression and Its Determinants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Examination among Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031194

AMA Style

Zhang Y, Janda KM, Ranjit N, Salvo D, Nielsen A, van den Berg A. Change in Depression and Its Determinants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Examination among Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031194

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yuzi, Kathryn M. Janda, Nalini Ranjit, Deborah Salvo, Aida Nielsen, and Alexandra van den Berg. 2022. "Change in Depression and Its Determinants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Examination among Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031194

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Janda, K. M., Ranjit, N., Salvo, D., Nielsen, A., & van den Berg, A. (2022). Change in Depression and Its Determinants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Examination among Racially/Ethnically Diverse US Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031194

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop