Motives and Barriers Affecting the Participation of Polish People in the Physical Activity of Nordic Walking
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Groups
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tested Parameters | Statistics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Women ( ± SD) | Men ( ± SD) | |||
Normal Body Weight | Overweight and Obesity | Normal Body Weight | Overweight and Obesity | |
Number of respondents | 364 | 193 | 338 | 171 |
Age (years) | 40.8 ± 19.2 | 41.3 ± 17.4 | 42.5 ± 18.9 | 43.9 ± 16.7 |
Height (cm) | 166.9 ± 2.7 | 166.4 ± 1.9 | 183.2 ± 2.5 | 181.4 ± 3.1 |
Body weight (kg) | 62.1 ± 3.1 | 81.2 ± 4.3 | 76.1 ± 3.7 | 97.3 ± 3.9 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 4.2 | 29.6 ± 5.6 | 22.6 ± 3.8 | 30.2 ± 4.8 |
Classification | BMI (kg/m2) |
---|---|
Underweight | ≥18.50 |
- Severe thinness | 16.00–16.99 |
- Moderate thinness | 17.00–18.49 |
- Mild thinness | 18.50–25.99 |
Normal | 18.50–24.99 |
Overweight | ≥25.00 |
- Preobese | 25.00–29.99 |
Obese | ≥30.00 |
Class I | 30.00–34.99 |
Class II | 35.00–39.99 |
Class III | ≥40.00 |
Frequency of Participation | Wilks’ Lambda: 0.162 F = 51.901 p < 0.001 * | Classification Function | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilks’ Lambda | F Value | P Level | Normal Body Weight | Overweight or Obesity | |
Up to three times a week | 0.562 | 13.154 | 0.001 * | 1.319 | 0.685 |
Occasionally | 0.572 | 48.370 | 0.001 * | 0.299 | 1.587 |
Practically every day | 0.672 | 24.818 | 0.001 * | 0.652 | 0.337 |
Constant | 10.152 | 9.583 |
Types of Motives | Wilks’ Lambda: 0.162 F = 51.901 p < 0.001 * | Classification Function | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilks’ Lambda | F Value | P Level | Normal Body Weight | Overweight or Obesity | |
Health motives | |||||
Improving the physical capacity of the body | 0.187 | 76.691 | 0.001 * | 162.61 | 143.57 |
Concern for health | 0.271 | 83.967 | 0.001 * | 93.16 | 77.98 |
Improving body shape | 0.193 | 25.987 | 0.001 * | 53.75 | 71.51 |
Lifespan extension | 0.159 | 1.179 | 0.280 | 47.51 | 50.43 |
Willingness to have influence on one’s body | 0.219 | 95.518 | 0.001 * | 24.41 | 2.02 |
Weight loss | 0.284 | 66.718 | 0.001 * | 24.16 | 44.03 |
Improving physical condition | 0.265 | 131.45 | 0.001 * | 23.47 | 17.13 |
Willingness to be outdoors | 0.233 | 55.879 | 0.001 * | 17.56 | 6.30 |
Proper rehabilitation after illness | 0.189 | 22.768 | 0.001 * | 9.59 | 13.94 |
Improving the quality of life | 0.196 | 27.898 | 0.001 * | 0.82 | 23.08 |
Social motives | |||||
Willingness to improve self-esteem | 0.456 | 131.87 | 0.001 * | 21.43 | 9.15 |
Escape from everyday worries | 0.478 | 75.713 | 0.001 * | 19.05 | 11.60 |
Feeling proud of participating in training | 0.411 | 59.447 | 0.001 * | 14.52 | 7.12 |
Reducing the sense of shame | 0.478 | 57.754 | 0.001 * | 14.23 | 3.87 |
Gaining a sense of fulfillment | 0.487 | 10.164 | 0.002 * | 12.12 | 8.93 |
A sense of belonging to a group of active people | 0.489 | 33.696 | 0.001 * | 3.86 | 8.03 |
Mood improvement | 0.421 | 7.408 | 0.007 * | 7.88 | 5.87 |
Motives resulting from the desire to compete | |||||
Overcoming one’s physical weaknesses | 0.871 | 164.80 | 0.001 * | 11.84 | 7.95 |
Ability to compete with others | 0.798 | 102.70 | 0.001 * | 9.36 | 6.71 |
Constant | 429.78 | 419.17 |
Types of Barriers | Wilks’ Lambda: 0.162 F = 51.901 p < 0.001 * | Classification Function | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilks’ Lambda | F Value | P Level | Normal Body Weight | Overweight or Obesity | |
Lack of proper areas for practicing NW | 0.328 | 26.033 | 0.001 * | 1.914 | 0.934 |
Lack of time—professional work | 0.378 | 22.281 | 0.001 * | 1.553 | 0.582 |
Practicing other physical activities | 0.398 | 5.375 | 0.022 * | 1.490 | 2.024 |
One’s own laziness | 0.306 | 7.588 | 0.006 * | 1.328 | 0.733 |
One’s own shyness | 0.354 | 16.369 | 0.001 * | 0.848 | 1.570 |
Lack of time—family responsibilities | 0.381 | 24.359 | 0.001 * | 0.212 | 1.651 |
Constant | 10.152 | 9.583 |
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Soroka, A.; Godlewska, A.; Mazurek-Kusiak, A. Motives and Barriers Affecting the Participation of Polish People in the Physical Activity of Nordic Walking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416398
Soroka A, Godlewska A, Mazurek-Kusiak A. Motives and Barriers Affecting the Participation of Polish People in the Physical Activity of Nordic Walking. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416398
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoroka, Andrzej, Agnieszka Godlewska, and Anna Mazurek-Kusiak. 2022. "Motives and Barriers Affecting the Participation of Polish People in the Physical Activity of Nordic Walking" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416398