Scrutinizing the Profile and Risk Factors of Suicide: A Perspective from a Case–Control Study Focused on a Northern Region of Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Cases and Controls
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
3.1. Social Factors
3.2. Residence Characteristics
3.3. Medico-Legal Features
3.4. Medical History
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sample (%) | Spanish Population (%) | Z-Score | p | CI 95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Divorced | 27.9 | 6.5 | 7.84 | <0.0001 | (0.114–0.315) |
Married | 29.1 | 52.5 | 4.2 | <0.0001 | (−0.334–−0.130) |
Spanish nationality | 94.3 | 85.3 | 2.59 | 0.0097 | (0.041–0.132) |
Living alone | 38.8 | 10.3 | 8.2 | <0.0001 | (0.172–0.398) |
Urban environment | 63.2 | 64.7 | 0.26 | 0.795 | (−0.104–0.073) |
Rural environment | 36.8 | 35.3 | 0.26 | 0.795 | (−0.073–0.104) |
Variables | Cases | Controls | p | OR (IC 95%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||
Psychiatric diagnosis | 83 | 67% | 59 | 16% | <0.001 | 10.740 (6.738–17.118) |
High blood pressure | 43 | 35% | 137 | 37% | 0.666 | 0.911 (0.595–1.394) |
Dyslipidemia | 42 | 34% | 117 | 31% | 0.617 | 1.116 (0.725–1.719) |
Previous self-harm attempt | 33 | 27% | 6 | 2% | <0.001 | 22.121 (8.997–54.389) |
Cancer | 20 | 16% | 32 | 9% | 0.018 | 2.043 (1.121–3.724) |
Diabetes Mellitus | 17 | 14% | 51 | 14% | 1 | 1 (0.554–1.806) |
Heart Failure | 15 | 12% | 26 | 7% | 0.074 | 1.831 (0.936–3.582) |
Rheumatological disease | 13 | 10% | 21 | 6% | 0.065 | 1.958 (0.949–4.037) |
Chronic pain treated with opioids | 12 | 10% | 17 | 5% | 0.036 | 2.237 (1.037–4.827) |
Chronic pain treated without opioids | 11 | 9% | 23 | 6% | 0.309 | 1.477 (0.698–3.124) |
COPD | 8 | 6% | 11 | 3% | 0.102 | 2.263 (0.889–5. 762) |
Renal Insufficiency | 8 | 6% | 11 | 3% | 0.102 | 2.263 (0.889–5.762) |
Stroke | 8 | 6% | 16 | 4% | 0.334 | 1.534 (0.640–3.678) |
OSA | 7 | 6% | 27 | 7% | 0.538 | 0.764 (0.324–1.802) |
Asthma | 6 | 5% | 21 | 6% | 0.732 | 0.850 (0.335–2.156) |
Neurogenerative disease | 5 | 4% | 10 | 3% | 0.544 | 1.521 (0.510–4.539) |
Dementia | 3 | 2% | 10 | 3% | 0.871 | 0.898 (0.243–3.315) |
HIV infection | 3 | 2% | 6 | 2% | 0.697 | 1.512 (0.373–6.140) |
Parkinson disease | 3 | 2% | 4 | 1% | 0.374 | 2.281 (0.503–10. 335) |
Fibromyalgia | 2 | 2% | 1 | 0% | 0.156 | 6.082 (0.547–67.659) |
Spinal cord injury | 2 | 2% | 4 | 1% | 0.643 | 1.508 (0.273–8. 336) |
Huntington disease | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 0.25 | 0.248 (0.213–0.290) |
SLE | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 1 | 0.749 (0.712–0.789) |
Alzheimer disease | 0 | 0% | 3 | 1% | 0.577 | 0.748 (0.711–0.788) |
MS | 0 | 0% | 2 | 1% | 0.413 | 0.749 (0.712–0.788) |
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Sáenz-Aldea, M.; Zarrabeitia, M.T.; García Blanco, A.; Santurtún, A. Scrutinizing the Profile and Risk Factors of Suicide: A Perspective from a Case–Control Study Focused on a Northern Region of Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315867
Sáenz-Aldea M, Zarrabeitia MT, García Blanco A, Santurtún A. Scrutinizing the Profile and Risk Factors of Suicide: A Perspective from a Case–Control Study Focused on a Northern Region of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315867
Chicago/Turabian StyleSáenz-Aldea, María, María T. Zarrabeitia, Ana García Blanco, and Ana Santurtún. 2022. "Scrutinizing the Profile and Risk Factors of Suicide: A Perspective from a Case–Control Study Focused on a Northern Region of Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315867