Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of GOHAI among Community-Dwelling Elderly People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Ethics
2.2. The GOHAI Instrument
2.3. Brazilian Version of GOHAI
2.4. Data Collection and Measures
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Descriptive
2.5.2. Dimensional Structure and Adequacy of Components
2.5.3. Reliability
2.5.4. Validity
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive
3.2. Dimensional Structure and Adequacy of Components
3.3. Reliability
3.4. Validity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Dimension | In the Past Three Months (Nos últimos três meses) | (1) A (S) | (2) S (AV) | (3) N (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Physical function | How often did you limit the kinds or amounts of food you eat because of problems with your teeth or denture? | 13 (2.1) | 43 (7.0) | 557 (90.9) |
Você diminuiu a quantidade de alimentos ou mudou o tipo de alimentação por causa de seus dentes? | |||||
2 | Physical function | How often did you have trouble biting or chewing any kinds of food, such as a firm meat or apples? | 33 (5.4) | 113 (18.4) | 467 (76.2) |
Você teve problemas para mastigar os alimentos? | |||||
3 | Physical function | How often were you able to swallow comfortably? | 6 (1.0) | 30 (4.9) | 577 (94.1) |
Você teve dor ou desconforto para engolir alimentos? | |||||
4 | Physical function | How often have your teeth or dentures prevented you from speaking the way you wanted? | 25 (4.1) | 89 (14.5) | 499 (81.4) |
Você mudou o jeito de falar por causa dos problemas em sua boca? | |||||
5 | Pain or discomfort | How often were you able to eat anything without feeling discomfort? | 16 (2.6) | 91 (14.8) | 506 (82.5) |
Você sentiu algum desconforto ao comer algum alimento? | |||||
6 | Psychosocial function | How often did you limit contacts with people because of the condition of your teeth or dentures? | 1 (0.2) | 18 (2.9) | 594 (96.9) |
Você deixou de se encontrar com outras pessoas por causa de sua boca? | |||||
7 | Psychosocial function | How often were you pleased or happy with the appearance of your teeth, gums or dentures? | 460 (75.0) | 71 (11.6) | 82 (13.4) |
Você se sentiu satisfeito ou feliz com a aparência de sua boca? | |||||
8 | Pain or discomfort | How often did you use medication to relieve pain or discomfort around your mouth? | 3 (0.5) | 33 (5.4) | 577 (94.1) |
Você teve que tomar remédio para passar a dor ou desconforto de sua boca? | |||||
9 | Psychosocial function | How often were you worried or concerned about the problems with your teeth, gums or dentures? | 19 (3.1) | 50 (8.2) | 544 (88.7) |
Você teve algum problema na boca que o deixou preocupado? | |||||
10 | Psychosocial function | How often did you feel nervous or self-conscious because of problems with your teeth, gums or dentures? | 4 (0.7) | 26 (4.2) | 583 (95.1) |
Você chegou a se sentir nervoso por causa de problemas na boca? | |||||
11 | Psychosocial function | How often did you feel uncomfortable eating in front of people because of problems with your teeth or dentures? | 20 (3.3) | 33 (5.4) | 560 (91.4) |
Você evitou comer junto com outras pessoas por causa dos problemas na sua boca? | |||||
12 | Pain or discomfort | How often were your teeth or gums sensitive to hot, cold or sweet foods? | 96 (15.7) | 52 (8.5) | 465 (75.9) |
Você sentiu seus dentes ou a gengiva ficarem sensíveis a alimentos líquidos? |
Item | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Limit foods | 1 | |||||||||||
2. Trouble biting, chewing | 0.330 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
3. Swallow comfortably | 0.259 ** | 0.169 ** | 1 | |||||||||
4. Trouble speaking | 0.225 ** | 0.347 ** | 0.195 ** | 1 | ||||||||
5. Eat without discomfort | 0.273 ** | 0.442 ** | 0.289 ** | 0.413 ** | 1 | |||||||
6. Limit social contacts | 0.272 ** | 0.268 ** | 0.201 ** | 0.215 ** | 0.227 ** | 1 | ||||||
7. Pleased with appearance | 0.162 ** | 0.284 ** | 0.111 ** | 0.216 ** | 0.229 ** | 0.201 ** | 1 | |||||
8. Use of medication | 0.191 ** | 0.283 ** | 0.136 ** | 0.210 ** | 0.271 ** | 0.124 ** | 0.149 ** | 1 | ||||
9. Worry/concern | 0.162 ** | 0.185 ** | 0.039 | 0.165 ** | 0.208 ** | 0.165 ** | 0.156 ** | 0.279 ** | 1 | |||
10. Nervous/self-conscious | 0.121 ** | 0.115 ** | 0.147 ** | 0.155 ** | 0.224 ** | 0.235 ** | 0.116 ** | 0.238 ** | 0.417 ** | 1 | ||
11. Uncomfortable eating with people | 0.218 ** | 0.287 ** | 0.219 ** | 0.238 ** | 0.295 ** | 0.289 ** | 0.240 ** | 0.155 ** | 0.216 ** | 0.169 ** | 1 | |
12. Teeth or gums sensitive | 0.096 * | 0.136 ** | 0.048 | 0.133 ** | 0.048 | 0.083 * | 0.085 * | 0.154 ** | 0.122 ** | 0.047 | 0.069 | 1 |
GOHAI dimensions | ||||||||||||
Physical function | 0.641 ** | 0.772 ** | 0.489 ** | 0.710 ** | 0.542 * | 0.354 ** | 0.308 ** | 0.317 ** | 0.225 ** | 0.205 ** | 0.360 ** | 0.162 ** |
Psychosocial function | 0.283 ** | 0.380 ** | 0.207 ** | 0.319 ** | 0.375 ** | 0.460 ** | 0.748 ** | 0.297 ** | 0.609 ** | 0.501 ** | 0.613 ** | 0.134 ** |
Pain or discomfort | 0.249 ** | 0.381 ** | 0.205 ** | 0.345 ** | 0.570 ** | 0.200 ** | 0.208 ** | 0.504 ** | 0.261 ** | 0.201 ** | 0.229 ** | 0.809 ** |
Internal Consistency | Stability | ||
---|---|---|---|
Item | Item–Scale Correlation a | Cronbach Alpha If Item Deleted | Test–Retest Correlation b |
1. Limit foods | 0.369 ** | 0.680 | 0.536 ** |
2. Trouble biting, chewing | 0.612 ** | 0.655 | 0.690 ** |
3. Swallow comfortably | 0.305 ** | 0.693 | 0.794 ** |
4. Trouble speaking | 0.526 ** | 0.668 | 1.000 ** |
5. Eat without discomfort | 0.538 ** | 0.661 | 0.717 ** |
6. Limit social contacts | 0.272 ** | 0.692 | 1.000 ** |
7. Pleased with appearance | 0.560 ** | 0.694 | 0.917 ** |
8. Use of medication | 0.326 ** | 0.686 | 0.833 ** |
9. Worry/concern | 0.410 ** | 0.685 | 0.981 ** |
10. Nervous/self-conscious | 0.292 ** | 0.693 | 0.646 ** |
11. Uncomfortable eating with people | 0.385 ** | 0.677 | 0.864 ** |
12. Teeth or gums sensitive | 0.433 ** | 0.733 | 0.881 ** |
GOHAI | |||
GOHAI total | |||
ADD-score | – | – | 0.822 ** |
SC-score | – | – | 0.881 ** |
Physical function | |||
ADD-score | – | – | 0.776 ** |
SC-score | – | – | 0.760 ** |
Psychosocial function | |||
ADD-score | – | – | 0.946 ** |
SC-score | – | – | 0.955 ** |
Pain or discomfort | |||
ADD-score | – | – | 0.859 ** |
SC-score | – | – | 0.713 ** |
Total Score | Physical Function | Psychosocial Function | Pain or Discomfort | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Additive Score | Simple Count | Additive Score | Simple Count | Additive Score | Simple Count | Additive Score | Simple Count | |
Dental pain scale | −0.259 ** | 0.277 ** | −0.171 ** | 0.187 ** | −0.234 ** | 0.236 ** | −0.202 ** | 0.243 ** |
Self-rated oral health | 0.326 ** | −0.314 ** | 0.162 ** | −0.159 ** | 0.374 ** | −0.348 ** | 0.225 ** | −0.242 ** |
Self-perceived treatment needs | 0.258 ** | −0.274 ** | 0.167 ** | −0.180 ** | 0.293 ** | −0.292 ** | 0.126 ** | −0.171 ** |
Self-perceived dental appearance | 0.299 ** | −0.295 ** | 0.229 ** | −0.220 ** | 0.314 ** | −0.288 ** | 0.139 ** | −0.183 ** |
Self-perceived masticatory function | 0.439 ** | −0.453 ** | 0.437 ** | −0.448 ** | 0.345 ** | −0.326 ** | 0.241 ** | −0.285 ** |
Self-perceived speaking function | 0.367 ** | −0.378 ** | 0.414 ** | −0.418 ** | 0.265 ** | −0.255 ** | 0.160 ** | −0.202 ** |
Self-perceived social function | −0.250 ** | 0.244 ** | −0.174 ** | 0.162 ** | −0.263 ** | 0.255 | −0.131 ** | 0.155 ** |
GOHAI Total Score | GOHAI Physical Function | GOHAI Psychosocial Function | GOHAI Pain or Discomfort | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Need of total dental prosthesis | ||||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Upper or lower total dental prosthesis | 0.007 (−0.009/0.022) | 0.001 (−0.021/0.022) | 0.009 (−0.007/0.025) | 0.010 (−0.015/0.035) |
Upper and lower total dental prosthesis | −0.021 (−0.038/−0.004) * | −0.029 (−0.052/−0.006) * | −0.024 (−0.043/−0.005) * | −0.005 (−0.028/0.019) |
Functional dentition | ||||
No (<20 teeth) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes (≥20 teeth) | 0.046 (0.016/0.076) ** | 0.048 (0.024/0.071) ** | 0.044 (0.001/0.087) * | 0.045 (−0.005/0095) |
Number of decayed teeth | −0.007 (−0.012/0.003) ** | −0.006 (−0.010/−0.001) * | −0.009 (−0.015/−0.004) ** | −0.006 (−0.013/0.001) |
Number of sextants with bleeding on probing | ||||
0 | −0.007 (−0.039/0.025) | 0.017 (−0.046/0.081) | −0.002 (−0.047/0.043) | −0.025 (−0.080/0.029) |
1 | 0.008 (−0.054/0.071) | 0.001 (−0.029/0.029) | −0.028 (−0.146/0.090) | 0.053 (−0.031/0.136) |
2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Number of sextants with dental calculus | ||||
0 | 0.081 (0.055/0.107) ** | 0.057 (0.037/0.076) ** | 0.072 (0.004/0.141) * | 0.130 (0.070/0.191) ** |
1 | 0.069 (0.028/0.113) ** | 0.071 (0.054/0.089) ** | 0.057 (−0.011/0.126) | 0.126 (0.006/0.187) ** |
2 | 0.069 (0.025/0.113) ** | 0.032 (−0.033/0.097) | 0.050 (−0.028/0.127) | 0.152 (0.074/0.230) ** |
3 | 0.072 (0.011/0.134) * | 0.059 (0.005/0.112) * | 0.049 (−0.041/0.139) | 0.131 (0.024/0.237) * |
4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
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Vettore, M.V.; Rebelo, M.A.B.; Rebelo Vieira, J.M.; Cardoso, E.M.; Birman, D.; Leão, A.T.T. Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of GOHAI among Community-Dwelling Elderly People. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214725
Vettore MV, Rebelo MAB, Rebelo Vieira JM, Cardoso EM, Birman D, Leão ATT. Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of GOHAI among Community-Dwelling Elderly People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):14725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214725
Chicago/Turabian StyleVettore, Mario Vianna, Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo, Janete Maria Rebelo Vieira, Evangeline Maria Cardoso, Dina Birman, and Anna Thereza Thomé Leão. 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of GOHAI among Community-Dwelling Elderly People" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 14725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214725