Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Males | Females | Males and Females | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of deaths 2020 | Rates | No. of deaths 2020 | Rates | No. of deaths 2020 | Rates | ||||
Causes of death | 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | |||
COVID-19 | 17,160 | 70.9 | 12,024 | 32.7 | 29,184 | 48.9 | |||
Infectious and parasitic diseases (excluding COVID-19) | 1144 | 4.8 | −3.3 | 1262 | 3.4 | −9.0 | 2405 | 4.0 | −5.7 |
Neoplasms | 16,587 | 66.7 | −5.7 | 13,386 | 39.1 | −2.9 | 29,973 | 50.3 | −4.3 |
Diabetes | 2495 | 10.7 | 35.8 | 2881 | 7.7 | 29.3 | 5376 | 9.0 | 32.6 |
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 2551 | 12.0 | 30.3 | 5768 | 14.7 | 40.4 | 8319 | 13.9 | 37.4 |
Hypertensive diseases | 3041 | 14.9 | 30.0 | 5735 | 14.4 | 27.8 | 8776 | 14.7 | 28.5 |
Ischemic heart disease | 6561 | 29.4 | 1.1 | 5908 | 15.2 | −3.5 | 12,469 | 20.9 | −0.9 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 4477 | 20.3 | 2.6 | 6928 | 18.0 | 7.4 | 11,404 | 19.1 | 5.8 |
Other diseases of the circulatory system | 5068 | 23.6 | 1.0 | 7064 | 18.1 | 2.4 | 12,133 | 20.3 | 2.2 |
Influenza and pneumonia | 4072 | 17.7 | 186.3 | 3533 | 9.3 | 159.8 | 7605 | 12.8 | 183.7 |
Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 3240 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 2569 | 6.7 | 18.8 | 5809 | 9.7 | 18.7 |
Other diseases of the respiratory system | 1405 | 6.4 | 11.5 | 1534 | 4.0 | 22.8 | 2939 | 4.9 | 17.3 |
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined diseases | 1854 | 8.7 | 26.4 | 2912 | 7.3 | 33.3 | 4766 | 8.0 | 30.1 |
Transport accidents | 175 | 0.6 | −57.7 | 44 | 0.1 | −60.5 | 219 | 0.4 | −58.5 |
Accidental falls | 444 | 2.0 | 25.4 | 382 | 1.0 | 26.1 | 826 | 1.4 | 25.3 |
Suicide | 454 | 1.7 | −13.2 | 106 | 0.3 | −29.9 | 560 | 0.9 | −17.5 |
Other external causes | 1020 | 4.6 | −4.2 | 1242 | 3.2 | −0.8 | 2263 | 3.8 | −2.9 |
Other causes | 6833 | 29.0 | 11.5 | 7452 | 20.3 | 8.6 | 14,285 | 24.0 | 10.7 |
All causes excluding COVID-19 | 61,421 | 268.2 | 9.9 | 68,705 | 183.0 | 11.9 | 130,126 | 218.2 | 11.4 |
All causes | 78,581 | 339.1 | 39.0 | 80,729 | 215.7 | 31.9 | 159,310 | 267.1 | 36.3 |
Age Class (Years) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50–64 | 65–79 | ≥80 | ||||
Causes of death | Rate | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | Rate | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | Rate | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 |
(Males) | ||||||
COVID-19 | 25.9 | 156.5 | 537.1 | |||
Neoplasms | 36.3 | −9.1 | 157.2 | −7.8 | 436.2 | −3.2 |
Diabetes | 3.1 | 23.0 | 18.4 | 28.1 | 95.9 | 41.4 |
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 0.3 | 2.2 | 10.7 | 34.8 | 139.2 | 29.9 |
Hypertensive diseases | 2.0 | 1.6 | 14.1 | 40.0 | 163.8 | 29.9 |
Ischemic heart disease | 8.3 | −16.9 | 42.9 | 0.9 | 276.8 | 3.6 |
Other diseases of the circulatory system | 5.0 | 3.4 | 26.3 | −3,5 | 243.2 | 2.0 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 3.6 | 13.6 | 25.4 | 10.4 | 207.0 | 0.2 |
Influenza and pneumonia | 3.5 | 315.5 | 30.8 | 442.1 | 160.5 | 135.3 |
Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 1.5 | 2.3 | 17.3 | 11.0 | 160.6 | 18.1 |
Other diseases of the respiratory system | 1.3 | 11.6 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 62.8 | 12.3 |
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined diseases | 3.5 | 6.7 | 8.6 | 24.6 | 82.8 | 33.4 |
Transport accidents | 0.6 | −61.1 | 0.7 | −62.6 | 1.8 | −51.4 |
Accidental falls | 0.4 | −22.2 | 2.8 | 36.0 | 19.2 | 33.1 |
Suicide | 1.7 | −30.0 | 2.3 | −18.1 | 4.9 | 10.1 |
All causes, excluding COVID-19 | 86.7 | −2.7 | 427.3 | 9.1 | 2375.9 | 12.6 |
All causes | 112.7 | 26.4 | 583.7 | 49.1 | 2913.0 | 38.1 |
(Females) | ||||||
COVID-19 | 6.7 | 53.7 | 302.9 | |||
Neoplasms | 28.1 | −8.0 | 91.1 | −2.2 | 224.5 | −1.9 |
Diabetes | 1.3 | 24.3 | 10.3 | 20.8 | 77.6 | 32.5 |
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 0.2 | −19.5 | 10.1 | 31.3 | 177.0 | 42.0 |
Hypertensive diseases | 0.6 | −6.4 | 9.0 | 18.4 | 173.1 | 29.3 |
Ischemic heart disease | 1.9 | −5.5 | 14.0 | −12.9 | 169.1 | −1.9 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 1.9 | 2.9 | 17.5 | 13.9 | 198.8 | 6.2 |
Other diseases of the circulatory system | 1.5 | −31.3 | 15.7 | −3.6 | 205.0 | 4.5 |
Influenza and pneumonia | 1.2 | 185.3 | 11.1 | 270.3 | 98.2 | 142.4 |
Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 0.7 | −6.2 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 72.1 | 21.8 |
Other diseases of the respiratory system | 0.7 | 38.1 | 4.6 | 21.3 | 42.1 | 22.9 |
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined diseases | 1.3 | 23.8 | 4.5 | 17.7 | 82.7 | 37.4 |
Transport accidents | 0.1 | −67.0 | 0.1 | −77.6 | 0.2 | −72.4 |
Accidental falls | 0.2 | 81.5 | 1.0 | 22.6 | 10.8 | 26.7 |
Suicide | 0.5 | −34.2 | 0.5 | −28.1 | 0.5 | −20.0 |
All causes, excluding COVID-19 | 48.0 | −4.0 | 234.5 | 6.7 | 1782.8 | 15.7 |
All causes | 54.7 | 9.5 | 288.2 | 31.1 | 2085.7 | 35.4 |
Lombardy | Northern Italy (Excluding Lombardy) | Rest of Italy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Causes of death | Rate 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | Rate 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 | Rate 2020 | Percent change 2020/2015–2019 |
COVID-19 | 135.8 | 59.1 | 14.4 | |||
Infectious and parasitic diseases (excluding COVID-19) | 5.7 | 28.2 | 4.3 | −11.0 | 3.3 | −14.2 |
Neoplasms | 55.0 | −0.8 | 50.2 | −3.8 | 48.7 | −5.8 |
Diabetes | 10.2 | 140.2 | 7.3 | 40.1 | 9.7 | 12.9 |
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 26.9 | 145.9 | 13.1 | 22.9 | 10.3 | 7.5 |
Hypertensive diseases | 17.3 | 109.7 | 13.1 | 30.9 | 14.9 | 11.1 |
Ischemic heart disease | 25.2 | 38.0 | 18.7 | -0.8 | 20.9 | −10.7 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 24.1 | 49.0 | 18.1 | 10.5 | 18.1 | −8.2 |
Other diseases of the circulatory system | 24.8 | 37.6 | 20.4 | 5.7 | 18.9 | −9.7 |
Influenza and pneumonia | 37.1 | 628.2 | 12.8 | 136.3 | 4.8 | 30.3 |
Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 15.1 | 114.6 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 0.1 |
Other diseases of the respiratory system | 9.3 | 151.8 | 4.4 | 9.0 | 3.8 | −14.0 |
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined diseases | 11.2 | 134.0 | 7.3 | 41.2 | 7.4 | 2.5 |
Transport accidents | 0.3 | −59.7 | 0.3 | −66.0 | 0.4 | −53.2 |
Accidental falls | 1.7 | 68.8 | 1.6 | 21.1 | 1.1 | 14.2 |
Suicide | 1.0 | −21.0 | 1.2 | −11.7 | 0.8 | −20.6 |
Other external causes | 4.2 | 34.3 | 2.9 | −4.6 | 4.2 | −10.2 |
Other causes | 30.5 | 52.2 | 24.5 | 12.8 | 21.5 | −2.6 |
All causes, excluding COVID-19 | 299.6 | 64.1 | 208.0 | 10.8 | 198.0 | −3.5 |
All causes | 435.4 | 138.4 | 267.0 | 42.3 | 212.4 | 3.5 |
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Grande, E.; Fedeli, U.; Pappagallo, M.; Crialesi, R.; Marchetti, S.; Minelli, G.; Iavarone, I.; Frova, L.; Onder, G.; Grippo, F. Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020805
Grande E, Fedeli U, Pappagallo M, Crialesi R, Marchetti S, Minelli G, Iavarone I, Frova L, Onder G, Grippo F. Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(2):805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020805
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrande, Enrico, Ugo Fedeli, Marilena Pappagallo, Roberta Crialesi, Stefano Marchetti, Giada Minelli, Ivano Iavarone, Luisa Frova, Graziano Onder, and Francesco Grippo. 2022. "Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2: 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020805
APA StyleGrande, E., Fedeli, U., Pappagallo, M., Crialesi, R., Marchetti, S., Minelli, G., Iavarone, I., Frova, L., Onder, G., & Grippo, F. (2022). Variation in Cause-Specific Mortality Rates in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on Nationwide Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020805