Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients’ Experience in the First Pandemic Wave—Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Assessment Variables
2.3. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Social Support
4.3. Feelings
4.4. Stigma
4.5. Information
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients’ Data | No. (%) |
---|---|
Gender | |
Female | 418 (55.5) |
Male | 335 (44.5) |
Median (IQR) age (n = 727) | 49 (33–59) |
Education | |
Elementary | 89 (11.9) |
Secondary | 327 (43.8) |
University | 331 (44.3) |
Concomitant disease (n = 767) | 381 (49.7) |
Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection | No. (%) |
---|---|
Need for medical advice (n = 756) | 503 (66.5) |
Hospitalization (n = 767) | 177 (23.1) |
Median (IQR) duration of hospitalization (n = 175) | 9 (5–16) |
Symptoms on the 15th day (n = 760) | 484 (63.7) |
Everyday activities on the 15th day, the same as pre-COVID-19 (n = 746) | 325 (43.6) |
Support | No. (%) |
---|---|
Support from family members and friends | |
No | 4 (0.5) |
Partly | 27 (3.6) |
Yes | 716 (95.9) |
Support from acquaintances and co-workers | |
No | 54 (7.4) |
Partly | 106 (14.5) |
Yes | 572 (78.1) |
Support from medical staff | |
No | 47 (6.4) |
Partly | 70 (9.6) |
Yes | 615 (84) |
Feelings and Stigmatization | No. (%) |
---|---|
Feelings at diagnosis (n = 681) | |
Sadness | 145 (21.3) |
Fear | 256 (37.6) |
Worry | 479 (70.3) |
Indifference | 58 (8.5) |
Anger | 114 (16.7) |
Blame | 57 (8.4) |
Confusion | 165 (24.2) |
Feelings during illness (n = 655) | |
Sadness | 120 (18.3) |
Fear | 215 (32.8) |
Worry | 452 (69) |
Indifference | 65 (9.9) |
Anger | 83 (12.7) |
Blame | 37 (5.6) |
Confusion | 121 (18.5) |
Stigmatization | |
No | 391 (52.6) |
Partly | 186 (25) |
Yes | 167 (22.4) |
Worry | Fear | Sadness | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
Male gender | 0.65 (0.44–0.95) | 0.024 | 0.47 (0.32–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.48–1.16) | 0.188 |
Age | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1–1.02) | 0.204 |
Having pet | 1.09 (0.75–1.58) | 0.669 | 0.81 (0.57–1.17) | 0.264 | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.349 |
SSS * | 0.93 (0.51–1.69) | 0.819 | 0.6 (0.34–1.04) | 0.067 | 0.48 (0.27–0.88) | 0.017 |
No isolation | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 0.676 | 0.87 (0.6–1.25) | 0.446 | 0.59 (0.37–0.93) | 0.022 |
NIS ** | 1.26 (1.12–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.401 | 1.03 (0.9–1.17) | 0.693 |
NCS # | 1.12 (0.82–1.52) | 0.472 | 1.65 (1.22–2.21) | 0.001 | 1.24 (0.88–1.76) | 0.217 |
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Socan, M.; Erčulj, V.I. Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients’ Experience in the First Pandemic Wave—Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912743
Socan M, Erčulj VI. Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients’ Experience in the First Pandemic Wave—Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912743
Chicago/Turabian StyleSocan, Maja, and Vanja Ida Erčulj. 2022. "Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients’ Experience in the First Pandemic Wave—Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912743