Factors That Affect the COVID-19 Pandemic in Summer 2022 Compared to Summer 2021
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Search and Extraction
- The number of new cases per million describes daily numbers of COVID-19 cases per million people;
- The number of cases with different variant of SARS-CoV-2 describes the weekly numbers of COVID-19 cases with different variants of SARS-CoV-2;
- The number of people fully vaccinated per hundred describes the number of people who received all vaccine doses per hundred people;
- The total boosters per hundred describes the number of people who received booster doses per hundred people;
- Number of flights describes the number of air traffic.
- School closing (scale 0–3) describes the school and university closing;
- Workplace closing (scale 0–3) describes workplace closing;
- Cancelation of public events (scale 0–2) describes public events cancelling;
- Restrictions on gatherings (scale 0–4) describes the limits on gatherings;
- Close public transport (scale 0–2) describes public transport closing;
- Stay at home requirements (scale 0–3) describes recommendations to “stay at home”;
- Restrictions on internal movement (scale 0–2) describes restrictions on internal travels between cities and regions;
- International travel controls (scale 0–4) describes restrictions on international travel;
- Testing policy (scale 0–3) describes the government policy on accessing of PCR testing;
- Contact tracing (scale 0–2) describes government policy on contact tracing after a positive COVID-19 diagnosis;
- Facial coverings (scale 0–4) describes government policy on the use of facial coverings;
- Vaccination policy (scale 0–5) describes government policy on vaccine availability for different groups;
- Protection of elderly people (scale 0–3) describes government policy on protecting elderly people.
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Countries Selection
3.2. The Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in 5 Selected Countries in the EU
3.3. Contributing Variables to the Dimensions Definition
3.4. The Relationships between Analyzed Variables
3.5. The Comparison of Countries Profiles in Summer 2022 and Summer 2021
4. Discussion
4.1. Findings
4.2. Research Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sobczak, M.; Pawliczak, R. Factors That Affect the COVID-19 Pandemic in Summer 2022 Compared to Summer 2021. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912561
Sobczak M, Pawliczak R. Factors That Affect the COVID-19 Pandemic in Summer 2022 Compared to Summer 2021. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912561
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobczak, Marharyta, and Rafał Pawliczak. 2022. "Factors That Affect the COVID-19 Pandemic in Summer 2022 Compared to Summer 2021" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912561