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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19159262
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Brief Report

A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development

by
Irene Leo
1,*,
Silvia Leone
1,
Raffaele Dicataldo
1,
Chiara Vivenzio
1,
Nada Cavallin
2,
Chiara Taglioni
2 and
Maja Roch
1
1
Department of Development and Socialization Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
2
Mamiù, Association for Baby-Swimming Activities, 35010 Padua, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159262
Submission received: 8 June 2022 / Revised: 26 July 2022 / Accepted: 26 July 2022 / Published: 28 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Children's Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

According to the concept of “embodied cognition”, motor development should not be considered distant from cognitive and language processes. Motor development is essential in the first 1000 days of life, as the child explores and learns new information from the environment. Among motor activities, baby swimming allows infants to make movements that they are not able to perform on solid ground. Since movements become slower in water, the sensory perception of these movements is amplified. However, the relationship between early swimming experience and motor development has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we carried out a pilot study with the aim of exploring this relationship for the first time. To that end, 32 infants aged from 6 to 10 months were recruited. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 was used to assess motor abilities in healthy children who regularly carried out aquatic courses compared to children who never attended swimming practice. Independent-sample t-tests showed significant differences in favor of the group that performed infant swimming activities on measures of reflexes (t = −2.2, p < 0.05), grasping (t = −3.8, p < 0.001), fine-motor quotient (t = −3.4, p < 0.01) and total-motor quotient (t = −2.4, p < 0.05). Overall, in line with the embodied cognition perspective, these preliminary results are encouraging and allow us to investigate how motor development influences later language development.
Keywords: embodied cognition; motor development; baby swimming embodied cognition; motor development; baby swimming

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MDPI and ACS Style

Leo, I.; Leone, S.; Dicataldo, R.; Vivenzio, C.; Cavallin, N.; Taglioni, C.; Roch, M. A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159262

AMA Style

Leo I, Leone S, Dicataldo R, Vivenzio C, Cavallin N, Taglioni C, Roch M. A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159262

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leo, Irene, Silvia Leone, Raffaele Dicataldo, Chiara Vivenzio, Nada Cavallin, Chiara Taglioni, and Maja Roch. 2022. "A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159262

APA Style

Leo, I., Leone, S., Dicataldo, R., Vivenzio, C., Cavallin, N., Taglioni, C., & Roch, M. (2022). A Non-Randomized Pilot Study on the Benefits of Baby Swimming on Motor Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159262

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