Effects of a 48-Day Home Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the First Outdoor Running Session among Recreational Runners in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Participants
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Training Characteristics before the 48-Day Home Quarantine
3.2. Physical Activity Habits at Home during the 48-Day Home Quarantine
3.3. Characteristics of the First Outdoor Running Session
3.4. Effects on Self-Perceived Variables before, during, and after the First Outdoor Running Session
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants (n = 300) | Males (n = 222) | Females (n = 78) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Age (years) | 18–30 | 89 | 29.7 | 63 | 28.3 | 26 | 33.3 | |
31–40 | 92 | 30.7 | 71 | 32 | 21 | 26.9 | ||
41–50 | 80 | 26.7 | 60 | 27 | 20 | 25.7 | ||
51–60 | 35 | 11.6 | 25 | 11.3 | 10 | 12.8 | ||
>60 | 4 | 1.3 | 3 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.3 | ||
Training Characteristics | Running experience | <6 months | 8 | 2.7 | 6 | 2.7 | 2 | 2.6 |
6 months–1 year | 15 | 5 | 6 | 2.7 | 9 | 11.5 | ||
1–2 years | 19 | 6.3 | 10 | 4.5 | 9 | 11.5 | ||
2–3 years | 18 | 6 | 10 | 4.5 | 8 | 10.3 | ||
>3 years | 236 | 78.7 | 186 | 83.8 | 50 | 64.1 | ||
N.A. | 4 | 1.3 | 4 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | ||
Weekly running sessions (days) | 1–2 | 83 | 27.6 | 57 | 25.6 | 26 | 33.3 | |
3–4 | 165 | 55 | 127 | 57.2 | 38 | 48.7 | ||
5–6 | 47 | 15.7 | 35 | 15.8 | 12 | 15.4 | ||
Every day | 5 | 1.7 | 3 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.6 | ||
Weekly running distance (km) | <10 | 56 | 18.7 | 36 | 16.2 | 20 | 25.6 | |
10–20 | 73 | 24.3 | 53 | 23.8 | 20 | 25.6 | ||
21–30 | 74 | 24.7 | 49 | 22.1 | 25 | 32.1 | ||
31–40 | 42 | 14 | 37 | 16.7 | 5 | 6.4 | ||
>40 | 55 | 18.3 | 47 | 21.2 | 8 | 10.3 | ||
Self-reported level | Novice | 40 | 13.3 | 27 | 12.2 | 13 | 16.7 | |
Amateur | 137 | 45.7 | 98 | 44.1 | 39 | 50 | ||
Advanced | 123 | 41 | 97 | 43.7 | 26 | 33.3 | ||
Pronation pattern | Neutral | 113 | 37.7 | 84 | 37.9 | 29 | 37.2 | |
Supination | 36 | 12 | 28 | 12.6 | 8 | 10.3 | ||
Overpronation | 76 | 25.3 | 62 | 27.9 | 14 | 17.9 | ||
I do not know | 75 | 25 | 48 | 21.6 | 27 | 34.6 | ||
Supervised by a coach before the quarantine | Yes | 181 | 60.3 | 126 | 56.8 | 55 | 70.5 | |
No | 119 | 39.7 | 96 | 43.2 | 23 | 29.5 |
All Participants (n = 300) | Males (n = 222) | Females (n = 78) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Physical Activity Habits at Home during the 48-Day Home Quarantine | Supervised by a coach during the quarantine | Yes | 100 | 33.3 | 70 | 31.5 | 30 | 38.5 |
No | 200 | 66.7 | 152 | 68.5 | 48 | 61.5 | ||
Participants supervised by a coach during the quarantine (n = 100) | ||||||||
Supervised training sessions | Yes | 100 | 100 | 70 | 100 | 30 | 100 | |
No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Supervised weekly training sessions | 1–2 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 18.6 | 5 | 16.6 | |
3–4 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 28.6 | 8 | 26.7 | ||
5–6 | 35 | 35 | 26 | 37.1 | 9 | 30 | ||
Every day | 19 | 19 | 11 | 15.7 | 8 | 26.7 | ||
Supervised average training session duration (min) | <30 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 3.3 | |
31–45 | 21 | 21 | 15 | 21.4 | 6 | 20 | ||
46–60 | 63 | 63 | 48 | 68.6 | 15 | 50 | ||
>60 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 8.6 | 8 | 26.7 | ||
Participants not supervised by a coach during the quarantine (n = 200) | ||||||||
Non-supervised training sessions | Yes | 193 | 96.5 | 146 | 96.1 | 47 | 97.9 | |
No | 7 | 3.5 | 6 | 3.9 | 1 | 2.1 | ||
Non-supervised physical activities | Walking | 57 | 29.5 | 42 | 28.7 | 15 | 31.9 | |
Yoga | 19 | 9.8 | 9 | 6.2 | 10 | 21.3 | ||
Pilates | 7 | 3.6 | 3 | 2.1 | 4 | 8.5 | ||
Zumba | 5 | 2.6 | 4 | 2.7 | 1 | 2.1 | ||
Res. Exerc. | 74 | 38.3 | 65 | 44.5 | 9 | 19.2 | ||
Others | 31 | 16.1 | 23 | 15.8 | 8 | 17 | ||
Non-supervised weekly training sessions | 1–2 | 31 | 16.1 | 23 | 15.7 | 8 | 17 | |
3–4 | 64 | 33.1 | 49 | 33.6 | 15 | 31.9 | ||
5–6 | 60 | 31.1 | 47 | 32.2 | 13 | 27.7 | ||
Every day | 38 | 19.7 | 27 | 18.5 | 11 | 23.4 | ||
Non-supervised average training session duration (min) | <30 | 29 | 15 | 26 | 17.8 | 3 | 6.4 | |
31–45 | 70 | 36.3 | 51 | 34.9 | 19 | 40.4 | ||
46–60 | 62 | 32.1 | 46 | 31.5 | 16 | 34 | ||
>60 | 32 | 16.6 | 23 | 15.8 | 9 | 19.2 |
All Participants (n = 300) | Males (n = 222) | Females (n = 78) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
First Outdoor Running Session Characteristics after the 48-Day Home Quarantine | Use of specific running shoes | Yes | 279 | 93 | 205 | 92.3 | 74 | 94.9 |
No | 21 | 7 | 17 | 7.7 | 4 | 5.1 | ||
Running shoes recommendation | Podiatrist | 77 | 25.7 | 57 | 25.6 | 20 | 25.6 | |
Coach | 58 | 19.3 | 46 | 20.7 | 12 | 15.4 | ||
Physiotherapist | 15 | 5 | 13 | 5.9 | 2 | 2.6 | ||
Vendor | 66 | 22 | 38 | 17.1 | 28 | 35.9 | ||
Others | 63 | 21 | 51 | 23 | 12 | 15.4 | ||
N.A. | 21 | 7 | 17 | 7.7 | 4 | 5.1 | ||
Use of running accessories | Orth. Insoles | 72 | 24 | 55 | 24.8 | 17 | 21.8 | |
Comp. Stockings | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
Running socks | 63 | 21 | 46 | 20.7 | 17 | 21.8 | ||
None of them | 159 | 53 | 115 | 51.8 | 44 | 56.4 | ||
Warm-up including stretching | Yes | 186 | 62 | 130 | 58.6 | 56 | 71.8 | |
No | 114 | 38 | 92 | 41.4 | 22 | 28.2 | ||
Running surface | Asphalt | 196 | 65.3 | 145 | 65.3 | 51 | 65.4 | |
Ground/Mountain | 88 | 29.3 | 66 | 29.7 | 22 | 28.2 | ||
Grass | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0.9 | 4 | 5.1 | ||
Sand | 5 | 1.7 | 4 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.3 | ||
Others | 5 | 1.7 | 5 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
Running session duration (min) | <30 | 54 | 18 | 40 | 18 | 14 | 17.9 | |
31–45 | 100 | 33.3 | 77 | 34.7 | 23 | 29.5 | ||
46–60 | 105 | 35 | 74 | 33.3 | 31 | 39.7 | ||
>60 | 41 | 13.7 | 31 | 14 | 10 | 12.8 | ||
Running pace (min:s) | <3:30 | 4 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.4 | 3 | 3.8 | |
3:31–4:00 | 4 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.4 | 3 | 3.8 | ||
4:01–4:30 | 18 | 6 | 16 | 7.2 | 2 | 2.6 | ||
4:31–5:00 | 68 | 22.7 | 61 | 27.5 | 7 | 9 | ||
>5:00 | 180 | 60 | 126 | 56.8 | 54 | 69.2 | ||
I do not know | 26 | 8.7 | 17 | 7.7 | 9 | 11.5 | ||
Running distance (km) | <5 | 63 | 21 | 42 | 18.9 | 21 | 26.9 | |
5–10 | 183 | 61 | 134 | 60.3 | 49 | 62.8 | ||
>10 | 46 | 15.3 | 39 | 17.6 | 7 | 9 | ||
I do not know | 8 | 2.7 | 7 | 3.2 | 1 | 1.3 | ||
Alternation of running and brisk walking | Yes | 156 | 52 | 101 | 45.5 | 55 | 70.5 | |
No | 144 | 48 | 121 | 54.5 | 23 | 29.5 | ||
Cool-down including stretching | Yes | 217 | 72.3 | 155 | 69.8 | 62 | 79.5 | |
No | 83 | 27.7 | 67 | 30.2 | 16 | 20.5 |
All Participants (n = 300) | Males (n = 222) | Females (n = 78) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
First Outdoor Running Session Self-Perceived Variables | Physical variables before, during and after the running session | Pain before the running session | Foot sole | 18 | 6 | 16 | 7.2 | 2 | 2.6 |
Achilles tendon | 13 | 4.3 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
Knee | 20 | 6.7 | 16 | 7.2 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
Hip | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1.4 | 3 | 3.9 | |||
Back | 11 | 3.7 | 6 | 2.7 | 5 | 6.4 | |||
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
I had no pain | 232 | 77.3 | 172 | 77.5 | 60 | 76.9 | |||
Pain during the running session | Foot sole | 21 | 7 | 14 | 6.3 | 7 | 9 | ||
Achilles tendon | 16 | 5.3 | 12 | 5.4 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
Knee | 36 | 12 | 29 | 13 | 7 | 9 | |||
Hip | 14 | 4.6 | 8 | 3.6 | 6 | 7.7 | |||
Back | 11 | 3.7 | 7 | 3.2 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
Other | 11 | 3.7 | 7 | 3.2 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
I had no pain | 191 | 63.7 | 145 | 65.3 | 46 | 59 | |||
Session interrupted due to pain | Yes | 13 | 4.3 | 8 | 3.6 | 5 | 6.4 | ||
No | 96 | 32 | 69 | 31.1 | 27 | 34.6 | |||
I had no pain | 191 | 63.7 | 145 | 65.3 | 46 | 59 | |||
Pain ≥24 h after the running session | Foot sole | 16 | 5.3 | 12 | 5.4 | 4 | 5.1 | ||
Achilles tendon | 15 | 5 | 12 | 5.4 | 3 | 3.8 | |||
Knee | 21 | 7 | 17 | 7.6 | 4 | 5.1 | |||
Hip | 5 | 1.7 | 3 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.6 | |||
Back | 11 | 3.6 | 6 | 2.7 | 5 | 6.4 | |||
Other | 5 | 1.7 | 5 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | |||
I had no pain | 227 | 75.7 | 167 | 75.2 | 60 | 76.9 | |||
Skin injuries after the running session | Blisters | 30 | 10 | 23 | 10.3 | 7 | 9 | ||
Toenails injuries/pain | 9 | 3 | 7 | 3.2 | 2 | 2.6 | |||
Heel rash/wounds | 4 | 1.3 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 2.6 | |||
I had no injuries | 257 | 85.7 | 190 | 85.6 | 67 | 85.8 | |||
Affective variables during the running session | Enjoyment | Nothing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Little | 6 | 2 | 5 | 2.2 | 1 | 1.3 | |||
Normal | 26 | 8.7 | 23 | 10.4 | 3 | 3.8 | |||
Some | 114 | 38 | 87 | 39.2 | 27 | 34.6 | |||
Much | 154 | 51.3 | 107 | 48.2 | 47 | 60.3 | |||
Motivation | Nothing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Little | 4 | 1.3 | 3 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.3 | |||
Normal | 28 | 9.3 | 21 | 9.5 | 7 | 9 | |||
Some | 135 | 45 | 110 | 49.5 | 25 | 32 | |||
Much | 133 | 44.4 | 88 | 39.6 | 45 | 57.7 | |||
Perceived effort | Nothing | 14 | 4.7 | 8 | 3.6 | 6 | 7.7 | ||
Little | 77 | 25.6 | 57 | 25.7 | 20 | 25.6 | |||
Normal | 132 | 44 | 102 | 45.9 | 30 | 38.5 | |||
Some | 72 | 24 | 52 | 23.4 | 20 | 25.6 | |||
Much | 5 | 1.7 | 3 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.6 | |||
Feelings | Very bad | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ||
Bad | 25 | 8.3 | 18 | 8.1 | 7 | 9 | |||
Normal | 63 | 21 | 54 | 24.3 | 9 | 11.5 | |||
Good | 149 | 49.7 | 111 | 50 | 38 | 48.7 | |||
Very good | 61 | 20.3 | 37 | 16.7 | 24 | 30.8 |
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Mosqueira-Ourens, M.; Sánchez-Sáez, J.M.; Pérez-Morcillo, A.; Ramos-Petersen, L.; López-Del-Amo, A.; Tuimil, J.L.; Varela-Sanz, A. Effects of a 48-Day Home Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the First Outdoor Running Session among Recreational Runners in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052730
Mosqueira-Ourens M, Sánchez-Sáez JM, Pérez-Morcillo A, Ramos-Petersen L, López-Del-Amo A, Tuimil JL, Varela-Sanz A. Effects of a 48-Day Home Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the First Outdoor Running Session among Recreational Runners in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5):2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052730
Chicago/Turabian StyleMosqueira-Ourens, Manuel, José M. Sánchez-Sáez, Aitor Pérez-Morcillo, Laura Ramos-Petersen, Andrés López-Del-Amo, José L. Tuimil, and Adrián Varela-Sanz. 2021. "Effects of a 48-Day Home Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the First Outdoor Running Session among Recreational Runners in Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052730