Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Selection—Inclusion Criteria
2.2. Study Selection—Exclusion Criteria
3. Results
Study Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alfieri et al., (2012) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Cancela Carral et al., (2019) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
De Sousa et al., (2013) ▪ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Fahlman et al., (2011) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Forte et al., (2013) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Gonzalez et al., (2014) ▪ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Hewitt et al., 2018 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Iuliano et al., (2015) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Marques et al., (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Martins R, et al. (2011) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Nicholson et al., (2015) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Nicklas et al., (2016) ▪ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Pamukoff et al., 2014 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo, et al. (2016) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Roma et al., (2013) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Sahin et al., (2018) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Shiotsu & Yanagita, (2018) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Sparrow et al., (2011) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Sylliaas et al., (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Yoon et al., (2018) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Authors | Population | Population (Cont.) | Age | n = | Male | Female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alfieri et al., (2012) | Community-dwelling | 70.18 ± 4.8 | 23 | 1 | 22 | |
Cancela Carral et al., (2019) | Residential care | Frail | 90.8 ± 4.02 | 13 | 0 | 13 |
Fahlman et al., (2011) | Community-dwelling | 74.8 ± 1 | 46 | NR | NR | |
Gonzalez et al., (2014) | Community-dwelling | 71.1 ± 6.1 | 23 | 12 | 11 | |
Hewitt et al., 2018 | Residential care | 86 ± 7 | 113 | 42 | 71 | |
Marques et al., (2011) | Community-dwelling | 67.3 ± 5.2 | 23 | 0 | 23 | |
Martins et al. (2011) | Residential care | 73.4 ± 6.4 | 23 | 10 | 13 | |
Nicklas et al., (2016) | Community-dwelling | Overweight/Obese | 69.4 ± 3.6 | 63 | 34 | 29 |
Ramirez-Campillo et al., (2016) | Community-dwelling | 70 ± 6.9 | 8 | 0 | 8 | |
Shiotsu & Yanagita, (2018) | Community-dwelling | 69.0 ± 4.1 | 12 | 0 | 12 | |
Sparrow et al., (2011) | Community-dwelling | Vets & Spouses * | 70.3 ± 7.5 | 52 | 35 | 17 |
Sylliaas et al., (2011) | Community-dwelling | Hip Fracture | 82.1 ± 6.5 | 100 | 15 | 85 |
Authors | Exercise Modality | Days/Week | Weeks | Sets | Reps | Rest-time | Load | Total Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alfieri et al., (2012) | Machines | 2 | 12 | 3 | 12,10,8 | NR | 50%, 75%, MTL | 60 |
Cancela Carral et al., (2019) | Elastic Bands | 2 | 12 | varied | varied | 30–60 sec | progressive | 60 |
Fahlman et al., (2011) | Elastic Bands | 3 | 16 | 2 | 12 | NR | progressive | NR |
Gonzalez et al., (2014) | Body Weight/Machines | 2 | 6 | 3 | 8 to 15 | NR | NR | NR |
Hewitt et al., 2018 | Pneumatic/Balance | 2 | 25 | 2 to 3 | 10 to 15 | NR | Moderate (CR10) | 60 |
Marques et al., (2011) | Machines | 3 | 32 | 2 | 6 to 8 | ≥2 min | 75–85% 1RM | 60 |
Martins et al. (2011) | Calesthetics/Elastic Bands | 3 | 16 | varied | varied | 3 min | progressive | 45 |
Nicklas et al., (2016) | Machines | 3 | 20 | 3 | 10 | ±1 min | 70% 1RM | NR |
Ramirez-Campillo et al., (2016) | High-speed RT | 2 | 12 | 3 | varied | ±1 min | 75% 1RM | 50 to 70 |
Shiotsu & Yanagita, (2018) | Machines | 2 | 10 | 3 | 8 to 12 | NR | 60–70% 1RM | NR |
Sparrow et al., (2011) | Body Weight/Free Weights | 3 | 26 | 2 | 12 | NR | varied | 60 |
Sylliaas et al., (2011) | Body Weight/Machines | 3 | 12 | 3 | 8 to 12 | NR | 80% 1RM | 45 to 60 |
Authors | Drop-outs | Explanation | Adverse Events | Explanation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alfieri et al., (2012) | 5 | 1 ankle fracture, 1 rib fracture, 1 uncontrolled HF, 1 knee pain, 1 gave up | NR | |
Cancela Carral et al., (2019) | 2 | death | NR | |
Fahlman et al., (2011) | 4 | NR | NR | |
Gonzalez et al., (2014) | 0 | 0 | ||
Hewitt et al., 2018 | 16 | 15 deceased, 1 moved away | 4 | 3 musculoskeletal aches/pains, 1 noninjurious fall. |
Marques et al., (2011) | 8 | Medical issues unrelated (n = 3) Disinterest (n = 3) Personal reasons (n = 2) | 0 | |
Martins et al. (2011) | 0 | NR | ||
Nicklas et al., (2016) | 7 | 3 personal health issues, 2 caretaking, 1 changed mind, 1 lost to follow-up | 2 | 2 musculoskeletal complaints |
Ramirez-Campillo et al., (2016) | 0 | 0 | ||
Shiotsu & Yanagita, (2018) | 3 | 3 private reasons | NR | |
Sparrow et al., (2011) | 3 | NR | 8 | 8 musculoskeletal |
Sylliaas et al., (2011) | 5 | 1 nursing home, 1 died, 3 illness | NR |
Authors | Variable | Tools | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
Alfieri et al., (2012) | Balance | Timed Up and Go (TUG); Berg; Oscillation of the body’s center of pressure | Both multisensory and RT interventions improved static and dynamic mobility in healthy elderly subjects. |
Cancela Carral et al., (2019) | Balance | TUG | Muscle strength intervention programs may help promote healthy lifestyles by maintaining autonomy, improving function, and balance. |
Fahlman et al., (2011) | Gait | Velocity (m/min), step time (seconds), step length (cm): GAITRite mat | Eight weeks of RT increased the parameters of velocity and step length. Additional emphasis on gait training could improve gains even further. |
Gonzalez et al., (2014) | Balance | Single leg balance | These findings support the use of progressive resistance training for untrained older adults to improve balance. |
Hewitt et al., 2018 | Gait & Balance | Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | Moderate-intensity PRT and high-level balance exercise significantly reduced falls and improved SPPB performance. |
Marques et al., (2011) | Balance | 8-foot Up and Go (8-ft UG) | 8-month RT, but not AT, can induce significant bone adaptation in older women and both regimens elicited significant gains in balance. |
Martins et al., (2011) | Balance | 8-ft UG | Both AT and RT interventions improved functional fitness. |
Nicklas et al., (2016) | Gait & Balance | gait speed; SPPB; chair rise | Both RT and RT + Calorie Restriction groups increased in gait speed, SPPB score, and chair rise time. |
Ramirez-Campillo et al., (2016) | Balance | 8-ft UG; Bilateral balance w/Bertec BP5050 balance plate platform | 2 or 3 training sessions/week of RT (equated for volume and intensity) are equally effective for improving physical performance and quality of life of older women. |
Shiotsu & Yanagita, (2018) | Gait & Balance | 10-m walk speed; TUG; single-leg balance with eyes open; Functional Reach Test (FRT) | 10-m walk speed significantly increased in all training groups; Combined AT & moderate-intensity RT resulted in significant improvements in dynamic balance capacity. |
Sparrow et al., (2011) | Balance | Single leg balance (eyes open) and Tandem stance | A home-based RT program for older adults resulted in significant improvements in muscular strength and balance. |
Sylliaas et al., (2011) | Gait & Balance | Berg; TUG; 10-m walk speed | Significant improvements in BBS, sit-to-stand, TUG, and 10 m walk speed. |
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Keating, C.J.; Cabrera-Linares, J.C.; Párraga-Montilla, J.A.; Latorre-Román, P.A.; del Castillo, R.M.; García-Pinillos, F. Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041759
Keating CJ, Cabrera-Linares JC, Párraga-Montilla JA, Latorre-Román PA, del Castillo RM, García-Pinillos F. Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041759
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeating, Christopher J., José Carlos Cabrera-Linares, Juan A. Párraga-Montilla, Pedro A. Latorre-Román, Rafael Moreno del Castillo, and Felipe García-Pinillos. 2021. "Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041759