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Article

Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits

by
Javier Conde-Pipó
1,
Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
1,
Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
2,
Félix Zurita-Ortega
1,
Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez
1,*,
Irwin Ramírez-Granizo
1 and
Gabriel González-Valero
1
1
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
2
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711
Submission received: 24 January 2021 / Revised: 7 February 2021 / Accepted: 8 February 2021 / Published: 10 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Factors and Health in Education: An Interdisciplinary Approach)
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Abstract

Lifespan is increasing globally as never before, and leading to an aging world population. Thus, the challenge for society and individuals is now how to live these years in the best possible health and wellbeing. Despite the benefits of physical activity for both are well documented, older people are not active enough. Physical self-concept is correlated with high levels of sports practice, although its evolution across one’s life span is not clear. The aim of this research has been to analyze the physical self-concept in older adults and its relationship with emotional intelligence, motivation and sports habits. The sample of 520 adults aged between 41 and 80 was clustered in ranges of age; 70.96% were men (n = 369; 57.34 years (SD: 7.97)) and 29.04% women (n = 151; age = 55.56 years (SD: 9.12)). Questionnaires adapted to Spanish were used to measure physical self-concept (Physical Self-Perception Profile), motivation (Sport Motivation Scale), and emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale). Regarding physical self-concept, the youngest group obtained the highest mean values and the oldest group the lowest. Physical self-concept correlated positively with emotional regulation and intrinsic motivation. Initiation to sports in childhood, the practice of sports activities for more than 150’ per week, and the practice of three or more sports, were associated with a higher score of physical self-concept. The findings reveal that physical self-concept declines in older adults, slightly at first, and sharply between 71 and 80 years, being intrinsic motivation, emotional regulation, and sports habits, factors to consider in favoring a positive physical self-concept and adherence to sporting activities.
Keywords: physical self-concept; psychosocial factors; older adults; physical activity; lifespan; aging physical self-concept; psychosocial factors; older adults; physical activity; lifespan; aging

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MDPI and ACS Style

Conde-Pipó, J.; Melguizo-Ibáñez, E.; Mariscal-Arcas, M.; Zurita-Ortega, F.; Ubago-Jiménez, J.L.; Ramírez-Granizo, I.; González-Valero, G. Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711

AMA Style

Conde-Pipó J, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Mariscal-Arcas M, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Ramírez-Granizo I, González-Valero G. Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conde-Pipó, Javier, Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas, Félix Zurita-Ortega, Jose Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Irwin Ramírez-Granizo, and Gabriel González-Valero. 2021. "Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711

APA Style

Conde-Pipó, J., Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Ramírez-Granizo, I., & González-Valero, G. (2021). Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711

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