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Volume 18
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Article

BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam

by
Van Han Pham
1,2,*,
Sara Wawrzyniak
1,
Ireneusz Cichy
1,
Michał Bronikowski
3 and
Andrzej Rokita
1
1
Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, A Mickiewicz Street 58, 51-684 Wrocław, Poland
2
Department of Physical Education, An Giang University, VNU-Ho Chi Minh, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyên 90100, Vietnam
3
Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290
Submission received: 30 December 2020 / Revised: 22 January 2021 / Accepted: 25 January 2021 / Published: 1 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Younger Children's Physical Fitness, Motor Ability and Physical Activity)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the BRAINballs program on second graders’ gross motor skills in a primary school in Vietnam. A total of 55 students (23 boys and 32 girls) aged seven years participated in the study. The research used the method of a pedagogical experiment and parallel group technique (experimental and control group) with pre- and post-testing. The study was conducted in the school year 2019/2020. The gross motor skills performance was assessed by the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition. The BRAINballs program was conducted twice a week and combined physical activity with subject-related contents by means of a set of 100 balls with painted letters, numbers, and signs. The results showed that the experimental and control groups improved their motor skills after one school year (p < 0.001). However, the analysis of covariance demonstrated that students from the experimental group, compared to students from the control group, showed significantly better scores in both subtests: locomotor (p = 0.0000) and object control skills (p = 0.0000). The findings of this study show that the BRAINballs program had a positive effect on children’s motor performances and may help to better understand the development of basic motor skills of seven-year-old students in Vietnam.
Keywords: TGMD-2; physical education; fundamental motor skills; educational balls; primary school TGMD-2; physical education; fundamental motor skills; educational balls; primary school

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pham, V.H.; Wawrzyniak, S.; Cichy, I.; Bronikowski, M.; Rokita, A. BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290

AMA Style

Pham VH, Wawrzyniak S, Cichy I, Bronikowski M, Rokita A. BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pham, Van Han, Sara Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Cichy, Michał Bronikowski, and Andrzej Rokita. 2021. "BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290

APA Style

Pham, V. H., Wawrzyniak, S., Cichy, I., Bronikowski, M., & Rokita, A. (2021). BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290

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