Living Space and Job Prospects and Their Relationship with Subjective Well-Being during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain: The Mediator Role of Resilience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Subjective Psychological Well-Being (SWB)
1.2. Resilience
1.3. Housing Conditions and Psychological Well-Being
1.4. Job Prospects after the Pandemic
1.5. Current Research
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Variables and Instruments
2.2.1. Living Space
2.2.2. Job Prospects
2.2.3. Subjective Psychological Well-Being: Positive and Negative Affect
2.2.4. Subjective Psychological Well-Being: Life Satisfaction
2.2.5. Resilience
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Model Testing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | % (n) |
---|---|
Number of residents in home during confinement | |
1 individual | 7.4 (34) |
2 individuals | 37.2 (172) |
3 individuals | 24.2 (112) |
4 individuals | 22.1 (102) |
5 or more individuals | 3.4 (39) |
Housing type | |
Interior flat | 5.6 (26) |
Exterior flat without balcony or terrace | 20.1 (93) |
Exterior with balcony | 22.5 (104) |
Exterior with terrace | 28.1 (130) |
Chalet with garden | 23.6 (109) |
Employment prior to confinement | |
Self-employed | 7.1 (33) |
Employed | 61.5 (284) |
Unemployed | 7.8 (36) |
Student | 20.1 (93) |
Retired | 3.5 (16) |
Changes in employment status because of confinement | |
No, I am in essential services | 19.9 (91) |
No, I am a student, unemployed or retired | 31.2 (143) |
Yes, I am now working remotely | 23.4 (107) |
Yes, I am in a temporary or definitive suspension of contract | 25.6 (117) |
Scores Range | M | SD | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Living Space | 7.5–280 | 43.04 | 27.97 | 0.15 * | 0.18 * | 0.11 | −0.14 * | 0.10 |
2. Future Job Prospects | 1–5 | 2.67 | 0.90 | 0.27 * | 0.30 * | −0.20 * | 0.25 * | |
3. Resilience | 1–4 | 3.02 | 0.50 | 0.59 * | −0.49 * | 0.44 * | ||
4. Positive Affect | 1–5 | 2.99 | 0.93 | −0.47 * | 0.46 * | |||
5. Negative Affect | 1–5 | 2.24 | 0.81 | −0.28 * | ||||
6. Life Satisfaction | 1–7 | 5.09 | 1.03 |
Mediational Analysis | Direct Beta without Mediator | Direct Beta with Mediator | Indirect Beta [CI] |
---|---|---|---|
LS → R → PA | 0.113 * | −0.013 | 0.080 ** [0.027–0.133] |
LS → R → NA | −0.142 ** | −0.055 | −0.070 ** [−0.121–0.024] |
LS → R → LifeS | 0.100 * | 0.003 | 0.057 ** [0.020–0.098] |
FJP → R → PA | 0.309 ** | 0.154 ** | 0.139 ** [0.088–0.189] |
FJP → R → NA | −0.203 ** | −0.070 | −0.122 ** [−0.170–0.075] |
FJP → R → LifeS | 0.251 ** | 0.143 ** | 0.099 ** [0.060–0.146] |
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Molero, F.; Recio, P.; Sarriá, E. Living Space and Job Prospects and Their Relationship with Subjective Well-Being during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain: The Mediator Role of Resilience. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179198
Molero F, Recio P, Sarriá E. Living Space and Job Prospects and Their Relationship with Subjective Well-Being during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain: The Mediator Role of Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):9198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179198
Chicago/Turabian StyleMolero, Fernando, Patricia Recio, and Encarnación Sarriá. 2021. "Living Space and Job Prospects and Their Relationship with Subjective Well-Being during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain: The Mediator Role of Resilience" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179198