1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting, and Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
Step 1—Logit Model | Step 2—GLM Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | (95% CI) | p | Coef. | (SE) | p | |
Sleep + Sedentary | ||||||
Poor sleep b + high sedentary | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Low sedentary | 1.21 | (0.74–1.99) | 0.44 | 0.29 | (0.01–0.58) | 0.05 |
Ideal sleep c | 0.87 | (0.51–1.47) | 0.59 | 0.14 | (−0.15–0.43) | 0.36 |
Ideal sleep c + low sedentary | 1.17 | (0.65–2.11) | 0.61 | −0.32 | (−0.66–0.02) | 0.06 |
Physical activity | 1.32 | (0.99–1.75) | 0.06 | −0.15 | (−0.31–0.00) | 0.05 |
Sleep + Physical Activity | ||||||
Poor sleep b + inactive e | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Active d | 1.00 | (0.66–1.52) | 0.99 | 0.00 | (−0.41–0.42) | 0.10 |
Ideal sleep c | 0.84 | (0.62–1.13) | 0.25 | −0.18 | (−0.48–0.12) | 0.13 |
Ideal sleep c + active | 1.55 | (0.93–2.58) | 0.10 | 0.07 | (−0.22–0.35) | 0.65 |
Sedentary | 1.33 | (0.94–1.89) | 0.11 | 0.11 | (−0.10–0.31) | 0.30 |
Physical Activity + Sedentary | ||||||
Inactive e + high sedentary | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Low sedentary | 1.58 | (1.04–2.42) | 0.03 | 0.16 | (−0.09–0.42) | 0.21 |
Active d | 1.80 | (1.03–3.12) | 0.04 | −0.04 | (−0.34–0.26) | 0.80 |
Active d + low sedentary | 0.67 | (0.36–1.22) | 0.19 | −0.14 | (−0.49–0.21) | 0.43 |
Ideal sleep c | 0.98 | (0.76–1.26) | 0.85 | −0.13 | (−0.29–0.02) | 0.09 |
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Long-Term Weight Loss Success a % (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Unsuccessful (<5%) | Successful (≥5%) | p |
Age (years), means (SE) | |||
Current | 42.8 (0.7) | 44.8 (0.5) | 0.01 |
Sex | |||
Female | 46.5 (43.5–49.5) | 42.8 (39.3–48.5) | 0.17 |
Male | 53.5 (50.5–56.5) | 57.2 (51.9–62.6) | 0.17 |
Current smoking | |||
Smoker | 27.9 (23.5–32.3) | 31.5 (25.6–37.4) | 0.25 |
Nonsmoker | 72.1 (67.7–76.5) | 68.5 (62.6–74.4) | 0.25 |
Household size | |||
Count, mean (SE) | 3.2 (0.1) | 3.0 (0.1) | 0.10 |
Race/ethnicity | |||
White, non-Hispanic | 69.1 (62.2–76.0) | 72.8 (65.9–79.8) | 0.12 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 13.8 (8.7–18.8) | 11.5 (6.0–17.1) | 0.19 |
Hispanic | 12.6 (8.8–16.4) | 11.2 (7.2–15.2) | 0.40 |
Other b | 4.5 (1.6–7.4) | 4.5 (2.5–6.5) | 0.99 |
College graduate | |||
No | 76.0 (70.6–81.4) | 73.4 (63.6–83.3) | 0.53 |
Yes | 24.0 (18.6–29.4) | 26.6 (16.7–36.5) | 0.53 |
Marital status | |||
Not married | 30.3 (25.9–34.8) | 32.5 (26.0–39.0) | 0.47 |
College graduate or more | 69.7 (65.2–74.1) | 67.5 (61.0–74.0) | 0.47 |
Self-report health status | |||
Excellent | 7.7 (6.0–9.5) | 10.4 (6.9–13.9) | 0.92 |
Very good | 34.8 (31.4–38.2) | 34.0 (29.8–38.3) | 0.20 |
Good | 41.5 (38.7–44.4) | 36.8 (31.0–42.6) | 0.03 |
Fair | 13.9 (11.7–16.1) | 16.7 (12.3–21.0) | 0.62 |
Poor | 2.0 (1.2–2.9) | 2.1 (0.5–3.7) | 0.05 |
Annual household income | |||
below USD 20,000 | 12.2 (10.0–14.5) | 12.2 (9.8–14.6) | 0.98 |
USD 20,000–44,999 | 24.5 (19.2–29.7) | 24.2 (18.1–30.3) | 0.94 |
USD 45,000–74,999 | 26.7 (23.7–29.6) | 31.6 (26.5–36.4) | 0.04 |
USD 75,000 or more | 36.7 (31.1–42.2) | 32.0 (24.1–39.9) | 0.30 |
Daily caloric intake (kcal d−1) mean (SE) | 2327.2 (27.8) | 2325.2 (51.02) | 0.97 |
Long-Term Weight Loss Success a | |||
---|---|---|---|
Unsuccessful (<5%) | Successful (≥5%) | p | |
Sleep | |||
Total sleep time (h d−1), mean (SE) | 6.8 (0.04) | 6.7 (0.08) | 0.46 |
Ideal sleepers b | 62.8 (59.4–66.3) | 59.3 (52.3–66.2) | 0.35 |
Sedentary | |||
Total sedentary time (min d−1), mean (SE) | 2878.5 (40.9) | 2817.1 (55.9) | 0.36 |
High sedentary c | 23.1 (20–6-25.6) | 19.4 (14.5–24.2) | 0.13 |
Physical activity | |||
Light physical activity (min d−1), mean (SE) | 1527.4 (27.2) | 1535.6 (37.4) | 0.84 |
MVPA (min d−1), mean (SE) | 144.1 (6.8) | 148.4 (8.2) | 0.55 |
Total accelerometer wear time (minutes), mean (SE) | 5111.3 (71.4) | 5060.9 (72.9) | 0.47 |
Accelerometer counts (ct/min d−1), mean (SE) | 47.0 (0.8) | 47.9 (0.9) | 0.44 |
Active d, % (95% CI) | 38.6 (33.1–44.1) | 37.5 (31.4–43.7) | 0.75 |
Long-Term Weight Loss Success a | |||
---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | |
Sleep b | |||
Poor sleepers | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Ideal sleepers | 0.83 | 0.60–1.16 | 0.25 |
Sedentary | |||
4th quartile | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
1st quartile | 1.57 | 0.63–3.90 | 0.30 |
2nd quartile | 1.55 | 0.90–2.66 | 0.11 |
3rd quartile | 1.29 | 0.80–2.09 | 0.28 |
Physical activity | |||
Inactive c | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
Active d | 1.01 | 0.76–1.36 | 0.92 |
Step 1—Logit Model | Step 2—GLM Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | Coef. (SE) | p | |
Sleep + Sedentary | ||||
Poor sleep b + high sedentary | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Poor sleep b + low sedentary | 1.23 (0.79–1.90) | 0.36 | −0.07 (0.15) | 0.64 |
Ideal sleep c + high sedentary | 0.93 (0.67–1.31) | 0.68 | −0.17 (0.10) | 0.10 |
Ideal sleep c + low sedentary | 1.27 (0.84–1.92) | 0.27 | −0.14 (0.17) | 0.39 |
Physical activity | 1.31 (0.98–1.74) | 0.07 | −0.13 (0.08) | 0.09 |
Sleep + Physical Activity | ||||
Poor sleep b + inactive d | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Poor sleep b + active e | 0.98 (0.64–1.49) | 0.92 | −0.18 (0.11) | 0.12 |
Ideal sleep c + inactive d | 0.83 (0.61–1.12) | 0.22 | −0.15 (0.10) | 0.14 |
Ideal sleep c + active e | 1.28 (0.88–1.86) | 0.20 | −0.25 (0.09) | 0.01 |
Sedentary | 1.32 (0.95–1.84) | 0.10 | −0.02 (0.12) | 0.88 |
Physical Activity + Sedentary | ||||
Inactive d + high sedentary | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Inactive d + low sedentary | 1.61 (1.12–2.31) | 0.01 | −0.18 (0.09) | 0.06 |
Active e + high sedentary | 1.61 (1.10–2.38) | 0.02 | −0.06 (0.16) | 0.71 |
Active e + low sedentary | 1.55 (1.05–2.28) | 0.03 | −0.13 (0.12) | 0.26 |
Sleep | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | 0.78 | −0.13 (0.08) | 0.11 |
Sleep + Sedentary + Physical Activity | ||||
None of the behaviors | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Any 1 of the behaviors | 1.12 (0.65–1.94) | 0.68 | 0.27 (0.16) | 0.11 |
Any 2 of the behaviors | 1.22 (0.71–2.10) | 0.48 | 0.11 (0.16) | 0.49 |
All 3 of the behaviors | 1.65 (0.91–2.98) | 0.10 | 0.01 (0.17) | 0.96 |
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