Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Surveillance of Ae. albopictus
2.3. Control of Ae. albopictus in Positive Sites
2.4. Monitoring Insect Bite Rates in Humans
2.5. Collection of Data and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Surveillance of Ae. albopictus Eggs in The Period 2013–2018
3.2. Treatments Applied
3.3. Progress of Insect Bites in Humans in The Period 2013–2018
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HC 1 | Site | Site Description | Coordinates 9/UTM 30) | Sampling Year | Years of Detection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | Petrol station | X:555518 Y:4745944 | 2013, 2015–2017 | |
2 | Service area | X:510280 Y:4757046 | 2015–2017 | ||
3 | City centre | X:526669 Y:4742969 | 2016–2017 | ||
4 | City centre | X:525569 Y:4742846 | 2016–2017 | ||
5 | Airport | X:521831 Y:4747911 | 2018 | ||
6 | Industrial area | X:519711 Y:4743493 | 2018 | 2018 | |
B | 7 | Parking | X:600521 Y:4799707 | 2013–2018 | 2014–2018 |
8 | Shopping centre | X:594423 Y:4797251 | 2014 | ||
9 | Petrol station | X:601109 Y:4798864 | 2015 | ||
10 | Petrol station | X:600172 Y:4799291 | 2015–2018 | 2015–2018 | |
11 | City centre | X:597750 Y:4799166 | 2015–2017 | 2015 | |
12 | City centre | X:598244 Y:4798572 | 2015–2018 | ||
13 | City centre | X:597039 Y:4799326 | 2016–2018 | 2017 | |
14 | Petrol station | X:597768 Y:4801111 | 2016–2017 | ||
15 | City centre | X:597590 Y:4803050 | 2016–2017 | ||
BB | 16 | City centre | X:505938 Y:4789059 | 2016–2018 | 2018 |
17 | City centre | X:504805 Y:4790265 | 2016–2018 | ||
BG | 18 | Service area | X:508383 Y:4782104 | 2015–2017 | |
19 | Service area | X:519772 Y:4786539 | 2015 | ||
20 | Industrial area | X:509199 Y:4786765 | 2016–2018 | 2017–2018 | |
21 | Recycling centre | X:508893 Y:4786442 | 2018 | 2018 | |
22 | City centre | X:508622 Y:4786697 | 2018 | ||
BS | 23 | Shopping centre | X:499449 Y:4793195 | 2016–2018 | 2017–2018 |
24 | Shopping centre | X:499764 Y:4792537 | 2018 | 2018 | |
25 | City centre | X:499907 Y:4793331 | 2018 | 2018 | |
D | 26 | Shopping centre | X:585497 Y:4795662 | 2016–2018 | |
27 | Service area | X:578823 Y:4793078 | 2013–2017 | ||
28 | Service area | X:582588 Y:4792374 | 2013–2014 | ||
29 | Service area | X:593455 Y:4796905 | 2014 | ||
30 | Industrial area | X:579356 Y:4790133 | 2016 | ||
31 | Petrol station | X:579405 Y:4789368 | 2016 | ||
32 | City centre | X:582592 Y:4797197 | 2017 | ||
33 | City centre | X:583839 Y:4793884 | 2017–2018 | ||
34 | Parking | X:579931 Y:4795501 | 2018 | 2018 | |
DE | 35 | City centre | X:542890 Y:4781322 | 2018 | |
EEC | 36 | Industrial area | X:493897 Y:4799791 | 2018 | |
GAU | 37 | City centre | X:565017 Y:4766285 | 2018 | |
RA | 38 | City centre | X:533517 Y:4710345 | 2017–2018 | |
T | 39 | City centre | X:574834 Y:4775857 | 2018 | |
UK | 40 | Industrial area | X:511692 Y:4793419 | 2017 |
Year | N 1 Sampling Sites | N Sampled Municipalities | N Ovitraps Examined | Positive Ovitraps N (%) | Positive Sampling Sites 2 | N Municipalities with A. A.3 (HC) 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 4 | 4 | 404 | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 (na 5) |
2014 | 5 | 5 | 448 | 2 (0.4) | 7 | 1 (B) |
2015 | 9 | 5 | 810 | 15 (1.9) | 10, 11 | 1 (B) |
2016 | 20 | 11 | 2801 | 5 (0.2) | 7, 10 | 1 (B) |
2017 | 22 | 13 | 2531 | 25 (1.0) | 7, 10, 13, 20, 23 | 3 (B, BG, BS) |
2018 | 23 | 11 | 3436 | 123 (3.6) | 6, 7, 10, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 34 | 6 (A, B, BB, BG, BS, D) |
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Share and Cite
Goiri, F.; González, M.A.; Goikolea, J.; Oribe, M.; de Castro, V.; Delacour, S.; Lucientes, J.; Ortega-Araiztegi, I.; Barandika, J.F.; García-Pérez, A.L. Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051678
Goiri F, González MA, Goikolea J, Oribe M, de Castro V, Delacour S, Lucientes J, Ortega-Araiztegi I, Barandika JF, García-Pérez AL. Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051678
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoiri, Fátima, Mikel Alexander González, Joseba Goikolea, Madalen Oribe, Visitación de Castro, Sarah Delacour, Javier Lucientes, Ione Ortega-Araiztegi, Jesús Felix Barandika, and Ana Luisa García-Pérez. 2020. "Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051678