Correlates of Poor Self-Assessed Health Status among Socially Disadvantaged Populations in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Collected Data and Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population Characteristics
3.2. Lifestyle Characteristics among Study Participants
3.3. Health Status among Study Participants
3.4. Correlates of Self-Assessed Health Status
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total N = 1710 | Men N = 568 | Women N = 1142 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 39.2 ± 7.7 | 41.1 ± 8.1 | 38.2 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
<30 | 194 (11.3%) | 47 (27.7%) | 147 (72.3%) | <0.001 |
30–39 | 725 (42.4%) | 201 (36.5%) | 524 (63.5%) | |
40–49 | 578 (33.8%) | 211 (37.1%) | 367 (32.1%) | |
50–59 | 213 (12.5%) | 109 (51.2%) | 104 (48.8%) | |
Education | ||||
Primary | 468 (27.4%) | 204 (43.6%) | 264 (56.4%) | <0.001 |
Vocational | 566 (33.1%) | 228 (40.3%) | 338 (59.7%) | |
Secondary | 583 (34.1%) | 128 (22%) | 455 (78%) | |
High | 93 (5.4%) | 8 (8.6%) | 109 (91.4%) | |
Employment status | ||||
Permanent job | 507 (29.6%) | 215 (42.4%) | 292 (57.6%) | <0.001 |
Temporary job | 149 (8.7%) | 70 (47%) | 79 (53%) | |
Disabled or retired | 55 (3.2%) | 28 (50.9%) | 27 (49.1%) | |
Unemployed | 999 (58.4%) | 255 (25.5%) | 744 (74.5%) | |
Subjective assessment of monthly income | ||||
Sufficient to cover all living needs plus may save a certain amount | 208 (12.2%) | 57 (27.4%) | 151 (72.6%) | <0.001 |
Sufficient to cover all living needs | 894 (52.3%) | 275 (30.8%) | 619 (69.2%) | |
Sufficient to cover basic needs only | 433 (25.3%) | 183 (42.3%) | 250 (57.7%) | |
Difficult to say | 175 (10.2%) | 53 (30.3%) | 122 (69.7%) | |
Subjective assessment of living conditions | ||||
Fair/rather fair | 787 (46.0%) | 231 (29.4%) | 556 (70.6%) | 0.01 |
Neither fair nor poor | 774 (45.3%) | 284 (36.7%) | 490 (63.3%) | |
Rather poor | 85 (5.0%) | 28 (32.9%) | 57 (67.1%) | |
Very poor | 30 (1.7%) | 14 (46.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
Difficult to say | 34 (2.0%) | 11 (32.4%) | 23 (37.6%) | |
Cohabitation with partner and/or family | ||||
Yes | 1444 (84.4%) | 479 (33.2%) | 965 (66.8%) | >0.05 |
No (living alone) | 266 (15.6%) | 89 (33.5%) | 177 (66.5%) |
Variable | Total | Men | Women | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Spirits | ||||
Every day | 2 (0.1%) | 2 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
Few times per week | 18 (1.0%) | 13 (72.2%) | 5 (27.8%) | |
Few times per month | 87 (5.1%) | 71 (81.6%) | 16 (18.4%) | |
Less than once per year | 302 (17.7%) | 144 (47.7%) | 158 (52.3%) | |
Never | 1301 (76.1%) | 338 (26.0%) | 963 (74.0%) | |
Wine | ||||
Every day | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
Few times per week | 8 (0.5%) | 6 (75.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | |
Few times per month | 50 (2.9%) | 16 (32.0%) | 34 (68.0%) | |
Less than once per year | 290 (17.0%) | 46 (15.9%) | 244 (84.1%) | |
Never | 1361 (79.6%) | 499 (36.7%) | 862 (63.3%) | |
Beer | ||||
Every day | 5 (0.3%) | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
Few times per week | 68 (4.0%) | 55 (80.9%) | 13 (19.1%) | |
Few times per month | 263 (15.4%) | 169 (64.3%) | 94 (35.7%) | |
Less than once per year | 339 (19.8%) | 118 (34.8%) | 221 (65.2%) | |
Never | 1035 (60.5%) | 221 (21.4%) | 814 (78.6%) | |
Others | ||||
Every day | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | >0.05 |
Few times per week | 4 (0.2%) | 4 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Few times per month | 5 (0.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | |
Less than once per year | 34 (2.0%) | 11 (32.4%) | 23 (67.6%) | |
Never | 1667 (97.5%) | 550 (33.0%) | 1117 (67.0%) | |
Alcohol consumption (if yes in each frequency category) | ||||
Spirits | ||||
Yes | 107 (6.3%) | 86 (80.4%) | 21 (19.6%) | <0.001 |
No | 1603 (93.7%) | 482 (30.1%) | 1121 (69.9%) | |
Wine | ||||
Yes | 59 (3.5%) | 23 (39.0%) | 36 (61.0%) | >0.05 |
No | 1651 (96.5%) | 545 (33.0%) | 1106 (67.0%) | |
Beer | ||||
Yes | 336 (19.6%) | 229 (68.1%) | 107 (31.9%) | <0.001 |
No | 1374 (80.4%) | 339 (24.7%) | 1035 (75.3%) | |
Alcohol consumption (if yes in each frequency category of different alcohol type) | ||||
Yes | 403 (23.6%) | 261 (64.8%) | 142 (35.2%) | <0.001 |
No | 1307 (76.4%) | 307 (23.5%) | 1000 (76.5%) | |
Binge drinking | ||||
Never | 1223 (71.5%) | 239 (19.5%) | 984 (80.5%) | <0.001 |
Few times per year | 299 (17.5%) | 212 (70.9%) | 87 (29.1%) | <0.001 |
Once per month | 39 (2.3%) | 30 (76.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | |
Once per week | 18 (1.1%) | 18 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Few times per week | 6 (0.3%) | 5 (83.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
Don’t know | 125 (7.3%) | 64 (51.2%) | 61 (48.8%) | |
Recreational physical activity | ||||
Yes | 750 (43.9%) | 216 (28.8%) | 534 (71.2%) | <0.001 |
No | 960 (56.1%) | 352 (36.7%) | 608 (63.3%) | |
Ever smoking | ||||
Yes | 899 (52.6%) | 395 (47.0%) | 504 (53.0%) | <0.001 |
No | 811 (47.4%) | 173 (36.5%) | 638 (63.5%) | |
Current smoking | ||||
Yes | 527 (30.8%) | 276 (23.1%) | 251 (76.9%) | <0.001 |
Yes occasionally | 110 (6.4%) | 24 (28.7%) | 86 (71.3%) | |
No | 1073 (62.8%) | 268 (33.9%) | 805 (66.1%) | |
Diet (Dietary Quality Score) | ||||
Healthy dietary habits | 52 (3.0%) | 12 (23.1%) | 40 (76.9%) | >0.05 |
Average dietary habits | 108 (6.3%) | 31 (28.7%) | 77 (71.3%) | |
Unhealthy dietary habits | 1550 (90.7%) | 525 (33.9%) | 1025 (66.1%) | |
Subjective assessment of life satisfaction | ||||
Extremely satisfied/Satisfied | 702 (41.1%) | 214 (30.5%) | 488 (69.5%) | 0.02 |
Neutral | 855 (50.0%) | 291 (34.0%) | 564 (66.0%) | |
Slightly dissatisfied | 106 (6.2%) | 39 (36.8%) | 67 (63.2%) | |
Dissatisfied/Extremely dissatisfied | 47 (2.7%) | 24 (51.1%) | 23 (48.9%) |
Variable | Total | Men | Women | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subjective health state | ||||
Fair/rather fair | 1121 (65.5%) | 339 (30.2%) | 782 (69.8%) | <0.001 |
Neither fair nor poor | 407 (23.8%) | 144 (35.4%) | 263 (64.6%) | |
Rather poor/poor | 182 (10.6%) | 85 (46.7%) | 97 (53.3%) | |
Health problems (if yes at least in one health problem) | ||||
Yes | 1445 (86.2%) | 457 (31.6%) | 988 (68.4%) | <0.001 |
No | 231 (13.8%) | 104 (45.0%) | 127 (55.0%) | |
Number of health problems | ||||
None | 231 (13.8%) | 104 (45.0%) | 127 (55.0%) | <0.001 |
1–3 | 900 (53.7%) | 309 (34.3%) | 591 (65.7%) | |
4–6 | 448 (26.7%) | 120 (26.8%) | 328 (73.2%) | |
>7 | 97 (5.8%) | 28 (28.9%) | 69 (71.1%) | |
Heart attack | ||||
Yes | 22 (1.3%) | 11 (50.0%) | 11 (50.0%) | >0.05 |
No | 1688 (98.7%) | 557 (33.0%) | 1131 (67.0%) | |
High blood pressure | ||||
Yes | 197 (11.5%) | 80 (40.6%) | 117 (59.4%) | <0.02 |
No | 1513 (88.5%) | 488 (32.2%) | 1025 (67.8%) | |
Diabetes | ||||
Yes | 42 (2.5%) | 16 (38.1%) | 26 (61.9%) | >0.05 |
No | 1668 (97.5%) | 552 (33.1%) | 1116 (66.9%) |
Subjective Health State | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fair/Rather Fair | p-Value | Neither Fair nor Poor | p-Value | Rather Poor/Poor | p-Value | |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 782 (68.5%) | <0.001 | 263 (23.0%) | >0.05 | 97 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
Male | 339 (59.7%) | 144 (25.4%) | 85 (15.0%) | |||
Age (years of age) | ||||||
<30 | 160 (82.5%) | <0.001 | 31 (16.0%) | <0.001 | 3 (1.6%) | <0.001 |
30–39 | 557 (76.8%) | 125 (17.2%) | 43 (5.9%) | |||
40–49 | 321 (55.5%) | 176 (30.5%) | 81 (14.0%) | |||
50–59 | 83 (39.0%) | 75 (35.2%) | 55 (25.8%) | |||
Education | ||||||
Primary | 265 (56.6%) | <0.001 | 133 (28.4%) | <0.001 | 70 (15.0%) | <0.001 |
Vocational | 354 (62.5%) | 148 (26.2%) | 64 (11.3%) | |||
Secondary | 423 (72.6%) | 115 (19.7%) | 45 (7.7%) | |||
High | 79 (84.9%) | 11 (11.8%) | 3 (3.2%) | |||
Employment status | ||||||
Permanent job | 393 (77.5%) | <0.001 | 96 (18.9%) | <0.02 | 18 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
Temporary job | 95 (63.8%) | 42 (28.2%) | 12 (18.0%) | |||
Disabled or retired | 23 (41.8%) | 12 (21.8%) | 20 (36.4%) | |||
Unemployed | 610 (61.1%) | 257 (25.7%) | 132 (13.2%) | |||
Subjective assessment of monthly income | ||||||
Sufficient to cover all living needs plus may save a certain amount | 183 (88.0%) | <0.001 | 20 (9.6%) | <0.001 | 5 (2.4%) | <0.001 |
Sufficient to cover all living needs | 604 (67.6%) | 220 (24.6%) | 70 (7.8%) | |||
Sufficient to cover basic needs only | 202 (46.6%) | 137 (31.6%) | 94 (21.7%) | |||
Difficult to say | 132 (75.4%) | 30 (17.1%) | 13 (7.4%) | |||
Subjective assessment of living conditions | ||||||
Fair/rather fair | 602 (76.5%) | <0.001 | 138 (17.5%) | <0.001 | 47 (6.0%) | <0.001 |
Neither fair nor poor | 454 (58.7%) | 226 (29.2%) | 94 (12.1%) | |||
Rather poor | 33 (38.8%) | 29 (34.1%) | 23 (27.1%) | |||
Very poor | 12 (40.0%) | 8 (26.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | |||
Difficult to say | 20 (58.8%) | 6 (17.7%) | 8 (23.5%) | |||
Subjective assessment of life satisfaction | ||||||
Extremely satisfied/Satisfied | 579 (82.5%) | <0.001 | 100 (14.2%) | <0.001 | 23 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
Neutral | 498 (58.2%) | 251 (29.4%) | 106 (12.4%) | |||
Slightly dissatisfied | 36 (34.0%) | 36 (34.0%) | 34 (32.0%) | |||
Dissatisfied/Extremely dissatisfied | 8 (17.0%) | 20 (42.6%) | 19 (40.4%) | |||
Cohabitation with partner and or family | ||||||
Yes | 942 (65.2%) | >0.05 | 352 (24.4%) | >0.05 | 150 (10.4%) | >0.05 |
No | 179 (67.3%) | 55 (20.7%) | 32 (12.0%) | |||
Current smoking | ||||||
Yes | 318 (60.3%) | <0.02 | 138 (26.2%) | >0.05 | 71 (13.5%) | <0.02 |
Yes, occasionally | 74 (67.3%) | 22 (20.0%) | 14 (12.7%) | |||
No | 729 (67.9%) | 247 (23.1%) | 97 (9.0%) | |||
Physical activity | ||||||
Yes | 498 (66.4%) | >0.05 | 176 (23.5%) | >0.05 | 76 (10.1%) | >0.05 |
No | 623 (64.9%) | 231 (24.1%) | 106 (11.0%) | |||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Yes | 262 (65.0%) | >0.05 | 94 (23.3%) | >0.05 | 47 (11.7%) | >0.05 |
No | 859 (65.7%) | 313 (24.0%) | 135 (10.3%) | |||
Binge drinking | ||||||
Never | 798 (65.3%) | >0.05 | 298 (24.4%) | >0.05 | 127 (10.4%) | <0.002 |
Few times per year | 191 (63.9%) | 80 (26.8%) | 28 (9.4%) | |||
Once per month | 29 (74.4%) | 6 (15.4%) | 4 (10.3%) | |||
Once per week | 9 (50.0%) | 3 (16.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | |||
Don’t know | 91 (72.8%) | 20 (16.0%) | 14 (11.2%) | |||
Number of health problems | ||||||
None | 212 (91.8%) | <0.001 | 16 (6.9%) | <0.001 | 3 (1.3%) | <0.001 |
1–3 | 690 (76.7%) | 166 (18.4%) | 44 (4.9%) | |||
4–6 | 184 (41.1%) | 174 (38.8%) | 90 (20.1%) | |||
>7 | 20 (20.6%) | 40 (41.2%) | 37 (38.1%) | |||
Heart attack | ||||||
Yes | 3 (13.6%) | <0.001 | 9 (40.9%) | <0.001 | 10 (45.5%) | <0.001 |
No | 1118 (66.2%) | 398 (23.6%) | 172 (10.2%) | |||
High blood pressure | ||||||
Yes | 63 (32.0%) | <0.001 | 83 (41.1%) | <0.001 | 51 (25.9%) | <0.001 |
No | 1058 (69.9%) | 324 (21.4%) | 131 (8.7%) | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 10 (23.8%) | <0.001 | 18 (42.9%) | <0.001 | 14 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
No | 1111 (66.6%) | 389 (23.3%) | 168 (10.1%) | |||
Diet (Dietary Quality Score) | ||||||
Healthy dietary habits | 36 (69.2%) | >0.05 | 13 (25.0%) | >0.05 | 3 (5.8%) | >0.05 |
Average dietary habits | 80 (74.1%) | 18 (16.7%) | 10 (9.3%) | |||
Unhealthy dietary habits | 1005 (64.8%) | 376 (24.3%) | 169 (10.9%) |
Total | Subjective Health Status | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regression | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rather Poor/Poor | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | ||
Gender | ||||
Female | 1142 (66.8%) | 97 (8.5%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Male | 568 (33.2%) | 85 (15.0%) | 1.90 *** (1.39–2.59) | 1.79 * (1.12–2.89) |
Age (years of age) | ||||
<30 | 194 (11.3%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
30–39 | 725 (42.4%) | 43 (5.9%) | 4.01 * (1.23–13.09) | 5.82 * (1.25–27.16) |
40–49 | 578 (33.8%) | 81 (14.0%) | 10.38 *** (3.24–33.26) | 10.29 ** (2.21–47.89) |
50–59 | 213 (12.5%) | 55 (25.8%) | 22.16 ***(6.79–72.32) | 10.68 ** (2.24–50.75) |
Education | ||||
Primary | 468 (27.4%) | 70 (15.0%) | 5.28 ** (1.62–17.15) | 2.34 (0.49–11.28) |
Vocational | 566 (33.1%) | 64 (11.3%) | 3.82 * (1.18–12.44) | 2.16 (0.45–10.30) |
Secondary | 583 (34.1%) | 45 (7.7%) | 2.51 (0.76–8.25) | 2.37 (0.50–11.32) |
High | 93 (5.4%) | 3 (3.2%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Employment status | ||||
Permanent job | 507 (29.6%) | 18 (3.6%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Temporary job | 149 (8.7%) | 12 (18.0%) | 2.38 * (1.12–5.06) | 1.18 (0.49–2.85) |
Disabled or retired | 55 (3.2%) | 20 (36.4%) | 15.52 *** (7.53–32.02) | 9.07 *** (3.68–22.37) |
Unemployed | 999 (58.4%) | 132 (13.2%) | 4.14 *** (2.50–6.6.85) | 2.34 ** (1.34–4.19) |
Subjective assessment of monthly income | ||||
Sufficient to cover all living needs plus may save a certain amount | 208 (12.2%) | 5 (2.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Sufficient to cover all living needs | 894 (52.3%) | 70 (7.8%) | 3.45 ** (1.37–8.66) | 1.50 (0.55–4.10) |
Sufficient to cover basic needs only | 433 (25.3%) | 94 (21.7%) | 11.26 *** (4.50–28.16) | 2.00 (0.70–5.69) |
Difficult to say | 175 (10.2%) | 13 (7.4%) | 3.26 * (1.14–9.33) | 1.73 (0.54–5.51) |
Subjective assessment of living conditions | ||||
Fair/rather fair | 787 (46.0%) | 47 (6.0%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Neither fair nor poor | 774 (45.3%) | 94 (12.1%) | 2.18 *** (1.51–3.14) | 0.86 (0.54–1.38) |
Rather poor | 85 (5.0%) | 23 (27.1%) | 5.84 *** (3.33–10.25) | 1.44 (0.66–3.14) |
Very poor | 30 (1.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 7.87 *** (3.49–17.78) | 1.05 (0.33–3.29) |
Difficult to say | 34 (2.0%) | 8 (23.5%) | 4.48 *** (2.08–11.28) | 1.13 (0.89–8.99) |
Subjective assessment of life satisfaction | ||||
Extremely satisfied/Satisfied | 702 (41.1%) | 23 (3.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Neutral | 855 (50.0%) | 106 (12.4%) | 4.18 *** (2.63–6.64) | 2.38 ** (1.35–4.20) |
Slightly dissatisfied | 106 (6.2%) | 34 (32.0%) | 13.94 *** (7.78–24.97) | 5.06 *** (2.41–10.63) |
Dissatisfied/Extremely dissatisfied | 47 (2.7%) | 19 (40.4%) | 20.03 *** (9.79–41.00) | 5.14 *** (1.94–13.64) |
Cohabitation with partner and/or family | ||||
Yes | 1444 (84.4%) | 150 (10.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
No | 266 (15.6%) | 32 (12.0%) | 1.18 (0.79–1.77) | |
Current smoking | ||||
Yes | 527 (30.8%) | 71 (13.5%) | 1.57 ** (1.13–2.17) | 1.08 (0.69-1.69) |
Yes, occasionally | 110 (6.4%) | 14 (12.7%) | 1.47 (0.81–2.67) | 1.55 (0.73-3.28) |
No | 1073 (62.8%) | 97 (9.0%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Physical activity | ||||
Yes | 750 (43.9%) | 76 (10.1%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
No | 960 (56.1%) | 106 (11.0%) | 1.11 (0.81–1.51) | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Yes | 403 (23.6%) | 47 (11.7%) | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) | |
No | 1307 (76.4%) | 135 (10.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
Binge drinking | ||||
Never | 1223 (71.5%) | 127 (10.4%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Few times per year | 299 (17.5%) | 28 (9.4%) | 0.96 (0.62–1.48) | 0.81 (0.46-1.42) |
Once per month | 39 (2.3%) | 4 (10.3%) | 1.06 (0.37–3.05) | 0.28 (0.06-1.43) |
Once per week | 24 (1.4%) | 9 (37.5%) | 5.58 *** (2.39–13.05) | 12.62 ***(3.71-42.87) |
Difficult to say | 125 (7.3%) | 14 (11.2%) | 1.17 (0.65–2.11) | 0.94 (0.41-2.19) |
Number of health problems | ||||
None | 231 (13.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
1–3 | 900 (53.7%) | 44 (4.9%) | 3.91 * (1.20–12.70) | 4.64 * (1.22-17.68) |
4–6 | 448 (26.7%) | 90 (20.1%) | 19.11 *** (5.97–61.15) | 17.69 *** (4.61–67.88) |
>7 | 97 (5.8%) | 37 (38.1%) | 46.87 *** (13.91–157.84) | 39.63 *** (9.52–165.09) |
Heart attack | ||||
Yes | 22 (1.3%) | 10 (45.5%) | 7.34 *** (3.13–17.26) | 4.26 * (1.36–13.31) |
No | 1688 (98.7%) | 172 (10.2%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
High blood pressure | ||||
Yes | 197 (11.5%) | 51 (25.9%) | 3.69 *** (2.56–5.31) | 1.92 ** (1.18–3.15) |
No | 1513 (88.5%) | 131 (8.7%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Diabetes | ||||
Yes | 42 (2.5%) | 14 (23.3%) | 4.46*** (2.30–8.65) | 1.49 (0.61–3.66) |
No | 1668 (97.5%) | 168 (10.1%) | 1.0 Ref. | 1.0 Ref. |
Diet (Dietary Quality Score) | ||||
Healthy dietary habits | 52 (3.0%) | 3 (5.8%) | 1.0 Ref. | |
Average dietary habits | 108 (6.3%) | 10 (9.3%) | 1.67 (0.44–6.34) | |
Unhealthy dietary habits | 1550 (90.7%) | 169 (10.9%) | 2.00 (0.62–6.49) |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jurewicz, J.; Kaleta, D. Correlates of Poor Self-Assessed Health Status among Socially Disadvantaged Populations in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041372
Jurewicz J, Kaleta D. Correlates of Poor Self-Assessed Health Status among Socially Disadvantaged Populations in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041372
Chicago/Turabian StyleJurewicz, Joanna, and Dorota Kaleta. 2020. "Correlates of Poor Self-Assessed Health Status among Socially Disadvantaged Populations in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041372