An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Breast Cancer Etiology and Risk Factors
3. Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence in the United States
4. Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans in the United States
5. California’s Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan
6. Breast Cancer Primary Prevention Plan for California
- Breast cancer is a societal issue. Reducing risk requires systemic change.
- In order to create a healthy society, we must address the multigenerational trauma from and violence of discrimination, racism, income inequality and disparities in power and access.
- Community wisdom is a valuable source of information and often highlights areas scientific research has not yet investigated.
- Breast cancer risk is multi-factorial. Interventions to reduce risk should also be multi-factorial.
- We do not need 100% certainty to act.
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alcohol consumption | Ambient noise |
Body weight over the life span | Breast density |
Breastfeeding and lactation | Chemicals (overview) and consumer products |
Inflammation | Ionizing radiation |
Light at night | Menarche and menopause |
Microbiome | Non-ionizing radiation |
Nutrition and dietary factors | Occupational factors |
Parity and age at first birth | Pharmaceutical hormone use |
Physical activity | Place-based chemicals |
Race, power and inequities | Social and built environment |
Stress | Tobacco |
Vitamin D |
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White, M.C.; Kavanaugh-Lynch, M.H.E.; Davis-Patterson, S.; Buermeyer, N. An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030714
White MC, Kavanaugh-Lynch MHE, Davis-Patterson S, Buermeyer N. An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030714
Chicago/Turabian StyleWhite, Mary C., Marion (Mhel) H. E. Kavanaugh-Lynch, Shauntay Davis-Patterson, and Nancy Buermeyer. 2020. "An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030714
APA StyleWhite, M. C., Kavanaugh-Lynch, M. H. E., Davis-Patterson, S., & Buermeyer, N. (2020). An Expanded Agenda for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: Charting a Course for the Future. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030714