Piercing and Oral Health: A Study on the Knowledge of Risks and Complications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Percentage | |
---|---|
Age | |
16–19 | 21.10% |
20–29 | 64.40% |
30–39 | 13.90% |
40–49 | 0.60% |
Smoker and alcohol consumption | |
Habitual smoker | 58.0% |
Abstainer | 20.6% |
Drink alcohol occasionally | 66.9% |
Use alcohol regularly | 12.5% |
Undergone orthodontic treatment | |
Yes | 59.0% |
No | 41.0% |
Oral hygiene habits related to toothbrushing | |
Once a day | 11.90% |
Twice a day | 56.60% |
Three times a day | 30.80% |
More than three times a day | 0.70% |
Places where piercings were performed | |
Tattoo and piercing studios | 64% |
Cosmetic doctor | 3.80% |
Self-insertion | 5.40% |
Home environment | 17.0% |
Jewellery store | 9.80% |
Reason for getting piercing | |
Express their personality | 30.2% |
Aesthetic reason | 43.9% |
Erotic reason | 13.2% |
Fashion | 11.6% |
Conditioned by friends | 1.0% |
Percentage | |
---|---|
Subjects informed about general health related to piercing | |
Uninformed subjects | 46.8% |
Informed subjects | 53.2% |
Cleaning habit related to piercing | |
Not cleaning | 48.5% |
Cleaning regularly | 51.5% |
Methods used for cleaning | |
Brushing and antimicrobial solution | 40.0% |
Antimicrobial solution | 32.0% |
Brushing technique | 28.0% |
Subjects informed about gingival complications related to piercing | |
Uninformed subjects | 70.6% |
Informed subjects | 29.4% |
Subjects informed about dental complications related to piercing | |
Uninformed subjects | 60.4% |
Informed subjects | 39.6% |
Percentage | |
---|---|
Age | |
16–19 | 7.5% |
20–29 | 80.0% |
30–39 | 10.0% |
40–49 | 2.5% |
Piercing placement | |
Tongue | 53.0% |
Lip | 22.0% |
Frenula | 20.0% |
Bad habits | |
Regular smoking | 70.0% |
Playing with piercing | 57.1% |
Biting nails | 34.3% |
Biting lips | 35.7% |
Oral hygiene condition | |
Good | 21.4% |
Sufficient | 25.7% |
Insufficient | 52.8% |
Gingival condition | |
Localised gingivitis | 44.0% |
Generalised gingivitis | 42.0% |
No gingival inflammation | 14.0% |
Gingival recession | |
1–2 mm | 65.0% |
3–4 mm | 20.0% |
5–6 mm | 15.0% |
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Share and Cite
Covello, F.; Salerno, C.; Giovannini, V.; Corridore, D.; Ottolenghi, L.; Vozza, I. Piercing and Oral Health: A Study on the Knowledge of Risks and Complications. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020613
Covello F, Salerno C, Giovannini V, Corridore D, Ottolenghi L, Vozza I. Piercing and Oral Health: A Study on the Knowledge of Risks and Complications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020613
Chicago/Turabian StyleCovello, Francesco, Camilla Salerno, Valentina Giovannini, Denise Corridore, Livia Ottolenghi, and Iole Vozza. 2020. "Piercing and Oral Health: A Study on the Knowledge of Risks and Complications" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020613
APA StyleCovello, F., Salerno, C., Giovannini, V., Corridore, D., Ottolenghi, L., & Vozza, I. (2020). Piercing and Oral Health: A Study on the Knowledge of Risks and Complications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020613