A Comparison Study of Posture and Fatigue of Neck According to Monitor Types (Moving and Fixed Monitor) by Using Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon (FRP) and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design
- FRR: The FRR has been widely used to quantify the relaxation ability of the extensor muscles of the neck. The FRR, as calculated by using Equation (1), is defined as the ratio of the maximum EMG value in the extension phase (phase 4) to the average EMG value in the full flexion phase (phase 3), as shown in Figure 2 [15].
- 2.
- CVA (degree): The CVA is the angle between a horizontal line passing through the spinous process of C7, and a line extending from the tragus of the ear to C7 (Figure 4a) was also observed to assess the angles of the neck postures in this study. A webcam (HD WebCam C270, Logitech, Seoul, Korea) was installed on the right side of the participants to measure the CVA. The CVA detection program was developed based on the OpenCV-Python; it could detect two markers attached to the participant’s Tragus and C7 and calculate the CVA in real-time (Figure 4b).
- 3.
- The ratio of the CVA: Based on the FHP, the CVA ratio was considered as reflecting good, fair, and bad posture. If the CVA was higher than 48.7°, it was defined as a “good” posture. A CVA range of 43.8–48.7° and a value lower than 43.8° were defined as “fair” and “bad” postures, respectively [6].
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)
3.2. The Ratio of Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)
3.3. Flexion Relaxation Ratio (FRR)
4. Discussion
4.1. Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)
4.2. Flexion Relaxation Ratio (FRR)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Neck Condition | FRR | Age (Year) | Weight (kg) | Height (cm) | Sitting Height (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal-FRR group | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 26.4 ± 2.5 | 74.6 ± 7.7 | 174.2 ± 3.8 | 92.0 ± 3.4 |
Low-FRR group | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 27.6 ± 3.1 | 81.4 ± 14.3 | 172.9 ± 2.9 | 90.0 ± 2.9 |
FRR Group | Fixed Monitor | Moving Monitor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good | Fair | Bad | Good | Fair | Bad | |
Normal-FRR | 38.4% | 16.4% | 45.2% | 42.0% | 16.5% | 41.5% |
Low-FRR | 8.0% | 20.9% | 71.2% | 21.0% | 22.4% | 56.6% |
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Choi, K.-H.; Cho, M.-U.; Park, C.-W.; Kim, S.-Y.; Kim, M.-J.; Hong, B.; Kong, Y.-K. A Comparison Study of Posture and Fatigue of Neck According to Monitor Types (Moving and Fixed Monitor) by Using Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon (FRP) and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176345
Choi K-H, Cho M-U, Park C-W, Kim S-Y, Kim M-J, Hong B, Kong Y-K. A Comparison Study of Posture and Fatigue of Neck According to Monitor Types (Moving and Fixed Monitor) by Using Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon (FRP) and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176345
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Kyeong-Hee, Min-Uk Cho, Chae-Won Park, Seoung-Yeon Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Boram Hong, and Yong-Ku Kong. 2020. "A Comparison Study of Posture and Fatigue of Neck According to Monitor Types (Moving and Fixed Monitor) by Using Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon (FRP) and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176345