Antibacterial Activities of Crude Secondary Metabolite Extracts from Pantoea Species Obtained from the Stem of Solanum mauritianum and Their Effects on Two Cancer Cell Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Endophytes Isolation and Identification
2.2.1. Morphological Identification of Bacterial Endophytes
2.2.2. Molecular Identification
Genomic DNA Extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Sequencing
Phylogenetic Analysis
2.3. Biological Activity Assay
2.3.1. Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Endophytes
2.3.2. Extraction of the Solanum Mauritianum Plant Part
2.3.3. Determination of Anti-Bacterial Activity
2.3.4. Anticancer Assays
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Bacterial Endophytes
3.2. Antibacterial Activity of Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Part
3.3. Effects of Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Parts on Cancer Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Isolate | Accession Number | Closest Relatives in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) | Percentage Similarity | Classification | Macroscopic Identification | Microscopic Identification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NU 01 | MK070326 | Pantoea ananatis strain P5 (FJ796221) | 99 | Pantoea ananatis | Round, white, raised and entire colonies | Gram negative, rods |
NU 03 | MK070328 | Pantoea eucalypti strain EV2 (FM202484) | 99 | Pantoea eucalypti | Round, Creamy, irregular and raised colonies | Gram negative, rods |
NU 05 | MK070330 | Pantoea vagans strain UFLA WFC767 (KY660463) | 99 | Pantoea vagans | Round, translucent, convex and entire colonies | Gram negative, rods |
Test Organism | Gram Reaction of Test Organisms | P. vagans MIC (mg/mL) | P. ananatis MIC (mg/mL) | P. eucalypti MIC (mg/mL) | Plant Part (Stem) MIC (mg/mL) | Positive Control (Streptomycin) MIC (µg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. cereus | Positive | 0.5000 | 0.1250 | 0.5000 | 0.1250 | 0.03125 |
B. subtilis | Positive | 0.1250 | 0.2500 | 0.5000 | 0.1250 | 0.03125 |
E. aerogenes | Negative | 8.0000 | 4.0000 | 4.0000 | 2.0000 | 0.12500 |
E. coli | Negative | 1.0000 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.12500 |
K. pneumoniae | Negative | 8.0000 | 2.0000 | 4.0000 | 0.5000 | 0.12500 |
M. marinum | Positive | 0.5000 | 0.1250 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.06250 |
M. smegmatis | Positive | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.06250 |
P. vulgaris | Negative | 4.0000 | 0.5000 | 4.0000 | 0.5000 | 0.12500 |
P. aeruginosa | Negative | 4.0000 | 1.0000 | 2.0000 | 0.1250 | 0.12500 |
S. aureus | Positive | 0.1250 | 0.0625 | 0.1250 | 0.0625 | 0.03125 |
S. epidermidis | Positive | 0.5000 | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.06250 |
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Uche-Okereafor, N.; Sebola, T.; Tapfuma, K.; Mekuto, L.; Green, E.; Mavumengwana, V. Antibacterial Activities of Crude Secondary Metabolite Extracts from Pantoea Species Obtained from the Stem of Solanum mauritianum and Their Effects on Two Cancer Cell Lines. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040602
Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Tapfuma K, Mekuto L, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Antibacterial Activities of Crude Secondary Metabolite Extracts from Pantoea Species Obtained from the Stem of Solanum mauritianum and Their Effects on Two Cancer Cell Lines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(4):602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040602
Chicago/Turabian StyleUche-Okereafor, Nkemdinma, Tendani Sebola, Kudzanai Tapfuma, Lukhanyo Mekuto, Ezekiel Green, and Vuyo Mavumengwana. 2019. "Antibacterial Activities of Crude Secondary Metabolite Extracts from Pantoea Species Obtained from the Stem of Solanum mauritianum and Their Effects on Two Cancer Cell Lines" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4: 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040602