The Daily Mile: 15 Minutes Running Improves the Physical Fitness of Italian Primary School Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Instrumentation
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | Question | Answers | Not Favourable | Neutral | Favourable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
Section 1—Perceived positive or negative effects on participants or organisation | |||||||||
1 | Generally, did The Daily Mile have any positive effects inside the school environment? | 0% | 0% | 18.8% | 59.4% | 21.8% | 0% | 18.8% | 81.2% |
2 | Generally, did The Daily Mile have any negative effects inside the school environment? | 78.1% | 18.8% | 0% | 0% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 0% | 96.9% |
3 | Has The Daily Mile negatively influenced your teaching activity? | 89.3% | 7.1% | 3.6% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3.6% | 96.4% |
Section 2—Perceived appropriateness | |||||||||
4 | Is the activity dangerous for students’ safety? | 25.0% | 31.3% | 34.4% | 6.3% | 3% | 9.3% | 34.4% | 56.3% |
5 | Can The Daily Mile be easily included in the school day routine? | 0% | 3.1% | 53.1% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 3.1% | 53.1% | 43.8% |
6 | Was The Daily Mile appropriate for the school context? | 0% | 6.2% | 46.9% | 25.0% | 21.9% | 6.2% | 46.9% | 46.9% |
7 | Was The Daily Mile in accordance with the national recommendations of the curriculum? | 0% | 6.2% | 34.4% | 40.6% | 18.8% | 6.2% | 34.4% | 59.4% |
8 | Were there any resistances from the context (considering even parents, colleagues, executives, school staff, etc.)? | 50.0% | 28.1% | 18.8% | 3.1% | 0% | 3.1% | 18.8% | 78.1% |
9 | Were the students’ parents satisfied with the activity? | 0% | 3.1% | 53.1% | 40.7% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 53.1% | 43.8% |
10 | Did the students’ parents complain about the activity? | 59.4% | 28.1% | 9.4% | 3.1% | 0% | 3.1% | 9.4% | 87.5% |
Section 3—Factors affecting easy or difficult implementation | |||||||||
11 | Was it stressful to perform The Daily Mile? | 37.5% | 53.1% | 6.3% | 3.1% | 0% | 3.1% | 6.3% | 90.6% |
12 | Was it difficult to perform The Daily Mile? | 28.1% | 34.4% | 37.5% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 37.5% | 62.5% |
13 | Was it easy to move the children outside the school building? | 0% | 0% | 6.5% | 54.8% | 38.7% | 0% | 6.5% | 93.5% |
14 | Was it easy to control the class group during the activity? | 3.0% | 6.3% | 43.8% | 37.5% | 9.4% | 7.3% | 43.8% | 46.9% |
15 | Was it uncomfortable to interrupt the lesson to participate in the activity? | 50.0% | 37.4% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 0% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 87.4% |
16 | Was it easy to restart teaching after the break? | 0% | 6.5% | 19.4% | 32.3% | 41.8% | 6.5% | 19.4% | 74.1% |
Section 4—Resources needed for implementation | |||||||||
17 | Were the organisational aspects of the activity easy to manage? | 3.1% | 0% | 18.8% | 46.9% | 31.2% | 3.1% | 18.8% | 78.1% |
18 | Were many resources needed to implement The Daily Mile? | 62.5% | 28.1% | 6.3% | 3.1% | 0% | 3.1% | 6.3% | 90.6% |
19 | Was it easy to perform the activity independently (without external support)? | 0% | 18.8% | 25.0% | 28.1% | 28.1% | 18.8% | 25.0% | 56.2% |
20 | Would an external intervention be necessary for performing the activity? | 34.4% | 21.9% | 9.4% | 0% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 9.4% | 56.3% |
Section 5—Satisfaction | |||||||||
21 | In conclusion, were you satisfied with participating in The Daily Mile? | 3.1% | 0% | 25.0% | 40.6% | 31.3% | 3.1% | 25% | 71.9% |
Section 6—Intent to continue use | |||||||||
22 | Would you repeat The Daily Mile in the next school year? | 6.3% | 15.6% | 28.1% | 25% | 25% | 21.9% | 28.1% | 50% |
23 | Would you recommend The Daily Mile to colleagues of other schools? | 3.1% | 15.6% | 28.2% | 25.0% | 28.1% | 18.7% | 28.2% | 53.1% |
Variables | Experimental Group | Control Group | Time × Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Post-Test | Change | Baseline | Post-Test | Change | ||
BMI (kg·m−2) | 17.5 (17.3, 17.7) | 17.4 (17.2, 176) | −0.6 | 17.4 (17.2, 17.7) | 17.3 (17.0, 17.6) | −0.6 | F = 0.792 p = 0.374 |
Waist-to-height ratio (cm) | 0.46 (0.47, 0.48) | 0.47 (0.46, 0.48) | 2.2 | 0.47 (0.46, 0.47) | 0.47 (0.46, 0.47) | 0 | F = 0.395 p = 0.529 |
6-min run test result (m) | 799 (782, 816) | 824 (807, 842) | 3.1 | 848 (830, 866) | 852 (834, 871) | 0.5 | F = 5.011 p = 0.026 |
Standing longjump result (cm) | 106 (103, 109) | 111 (108,114) | 4.7 | 105 (102, 109) | 109 (105, 112) | 3.8 | F = 3.877 p = 0.049 |
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Share and Cite
Brustio, P.R.; Mulasso, A.; Marasso, D.; Ruffa, C.; Ballatore, A.; Moisè, P.; Lupo, C.; Rainoldi, A.; Boccia, G. The Daily Mile: 15 Minutes Running Improves the Physical Fitness of Italian Primary School Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203921
Brustio PR, Mulasso A, Marasso D, Ruffa C, Ballatore A, Moisè P, Lupo C, Rainoldi A, Boccia G. The Daily Mile: 15 Minutes Running Improves the Physical Fitness of Italian Primary School Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203921
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrustio, Paolo Riccardo, Anna Mulasso, Danilo Marasso, Camilla Ruffa, Andrea Ballatore, Paolo Moisè, Corrado Lupo, Alberto Rainoldi, and Gennaro Boccia. 2019. "The Daily Mile: 15 Minutes Running Improves the Physical Fitness of Italian Primary School Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203921