Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Trajectories with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption from Childhood to Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
by
Irinja Lounassalo 1,*, Mirja Hirvensalo 1
, Anna Kankaanpää 2, Asko Tolvanen 3, Sanna Palomäki 1, Kasper Salin 1, Mikael Fogelholm 4, Xiaolin Yang 2, Katja Pahkala 5,6, Suvi Rovio 5,6, Nina Hutri-Kähönen 7, Olli Raitakari 5,6 and Tuija H. Tammelin 2
Irinja Lounassalo 1,*, Mirja Hirvensalo 1, Anna Kankaanpää 2, Asko Tolvanen 3, Sanna Palomäki 1, Kasper Salin 1, Mikael Fogelholm 4, Xiaolin Yang 2, Katja Pahkala 5,6, Suvi Rovio 5,6, Nina Hutri-Kähönen 7, Olli Raitakari 5,6 and Tuija H. Tammelin 2
1
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
2
LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
3
Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
4
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
5
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
6
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
7
Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(22), 4437; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224437
Received: 11 October 2019 / Revised: 1 November 2019 / Accepted: 6 November 2019 / Published: 12 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyle)
A physically active lifestyle and a diet rich in vegetables and fruits have a central role in promoting health. This study examined the associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) trajectories and fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) from childhood to middle age. The data were drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with six age cohorts. Participants were 9 to 18 years (n = 3536; 51% females) at baseline in 1980 and 33 to 48 years at the last follow-up in 2011. LTPA and FVC were self-reported. LTPA trajectories were identified using latent profile analyses, after which the mean differences in FVC across the trajectories were studied. Active, low-active, decreasingly and increasingly active trajectories were identified for both genders. An additional trajectory describing inactivity was identified for females. Those who were persistently active or increased their LTPA had higher FVC at many ages when compared to their inactive or low-active counterparts (p < 0.05). In females prior to age 42 and in males prior to age 24, FVC was higher at many ages in those with decreasing activity than in their inactive or low-active counterparts (p < 0.05). The development of LTPA and FVC from childhood to middle age seem to occur in tandem.
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Keywords:
physical activity; diet; trajectory; longitudinal; childhood; adolescence; adulthood
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lounassalo, I.; Hirvensalo, M.; Kankaanpää, A.; Tolvanen, A.; Palomäki, S.; Salin, K.; Fogelholm, M.; Yang, X.; Pahkala, K.; Rovio, S.; Hutri-Kähönen, N.; Raitakari, O.; Tammelin, T.H. Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Trajectories with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption from Childhood to Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4437.
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Externally hosted supplementary file 1
Doi: 10.1000/irinja.12345
Link: https://zenodo.org/record/1234567
Description: I do not have link or DOI for these supplements since they have not yet been published but hopefully will be with this manuscript. Thus, the abovementioned Doi and link are invalid. However, this nes revised supplement is attached here instead of Zenodo as pdf-file since it did not exceed 200 MB.
