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Article

Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe

by
Roberto Rosà
1,
Veronica Andreo
1,2,
Valentina Tagliapietra
1,*,
Ivana Baráková
1,3,
Daniele Arnoldi
1,
Heidi Christine Hauffe
1,
Mattia Manica
1,
Fausta Rosso
1,
Lucia Blaňarová
4,
Martin Bona
5,
Marketa Derdáková
3,
Zuzana Hamšíková
3,
Maria Kazimírová
3,
Jasna Kraljik
3,
Elena Kocianová
6,
Lenka Mahríková
3,
Lenka Minichová
6,
Ladislav Mošanský
4,
Mirko Slovák
3,
Michal Stanko
4,
Eva Špitalská
6,
Els Ducheyne
7,
Markus Neteler
8,
Zdenek Hubálek
9,
Ivo Rudolf
9,
Kristyna Venclikova
9,10,
Cornelia Silaghi
11,12,13,
Evelyn Overzier
11,
Robert Farkas
14,
Gábor Földvári
14,
Sándor Hornok
14,
Nóra Takács
14 and
Annapaola Rizzoli
1add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
2
Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
3
Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
4
Parasitological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
5
Department of Anatomy, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
6
Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
7
Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium
8
Mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, 53111 Bonn, Germany
9
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
10
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
11
Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80802 Munich, Germany
12
Institute of Parasitology, National Centre for Vector Entomology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
13
Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
14
Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(4), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040732
Submission received: 27 February 2018 / Revised: 29 March 2018 / Accepted: 10 April 2018 / Published: 12 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergence of Tick-Borne Diseases Resulting from Human Landscape Change)
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Abstract

The incidence of tick-borne diseases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. has been rising in Europe in recent decades. Early pre-assessment of acarological hazard still represents a complex challenge. The aim of this study was to model Ixodes ricinus questing nymph density and its infection rate with B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in five European countries (Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) in various land cover types differing in use and anthropisation (agricultural, urban and natural) with climatic and environmental factors (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and precipitation). We show that the relative abundance of questing nymphs was significantly associated with climatic conditions, such as higher values of NDVI recorded in the sampling period, while no differences were observed among land use categories. However, the density of infected nymphs (DIN) also depended on the pathogen considered and land use. These results contribute to a better understanding of the variation in acarological hazard for Ixodes ricinus transmitted pathogens in Central Europe and provide the basis for more focused ecological studies aimed at assessing the effect of land use in different sites on tick–host pathogens interaction.
Keywords: land use; acarological hazard; Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Rickettsia spp.; normalized difference vegetation index; density of infected nymphs land use; acarological hazard; Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Rickettsia spp.; normalized difference vegetation index; density of infected nymphs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rosà, R.; Andreo, V.; Tagliapietra, V.; Baráková, I.; Arnoldi, D.; Hauffe, H.C.; Manica, M.; Rosso, F.; Blaňarová, L.; Bona, M.; et al. Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040732

AMA Style

Rosà R, Andreo V, Tagliapietra V, Baráková I, Arnoldi D, Hauffe HC, Manica M, Rosso F, Blaňarová L, Bona M, et al. Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(4):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040732

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosà, Roberto, Veronica Andreo, Valentina Tagliapietra, Ivana Baráková, Daniele Arnoldi, Heidi Christine Hauffe, Mattia Manica, Fausta Rosso, Lucia Blaňarová, Martin Bona, and et al. 2018. "Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040732

APA Style

Rosà, R., Andreo, V., Tagliapietra, V., Baráková, I., Arnoldi, D., Hauffe, H. C., Manica, M., Rosso, F., Blaňarová, L., Bona, M., Derdáková, M., Hamšíková, Z., Kazimírová, M., Kraljik, J., Kocianová, E., Mahríková, L., Minichová, L., Mošanský, L., Slovák, M., ... Rizzoli, A. (2018). Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040732

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