Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Importance of Cognitive Reframing
1.2. Gaining a Comprehensive View: An Ecological Approach
1.3. Interview Data
2. Four Levels of Influence
2.1. Individual Influences and Self-Blame
“I just assumed, ‘Well, maybe I did do something wrong. I shouldn’t have let his friend come into the house and stand there asking me where my husband was.’ Maybe I should have seen his friend pull up and gone outside and said, ‘He’s not here.’ Maybe there was something else I could have done… because most of the things that happened with him occurred when he was drunk. There must be something that I’m doing wrong if he’s hitting me or beating me up…. I might have done something wrong. You know, nobody deserves to get treated that way, but I didn’t know back then… I was young. Maybe he’s right. Maybe there’s something that I’m doing wrong.”
2.2. Partner Influences and “Uncontrollable Personality”
“He wasn’t a violent person… he’s a disabled veteran… post-traumatic stress disorder. Things happened when he was having a flashback, or if he was drinking. It was mainly at night while he’s asleep… if I would move, it would startle him, and he didn’t know where he was. Sometimes he’d grab me and put his fist in my face and stop short of my nose. One time he choked me. He was yelling at me in a language I didn’t understand and choking me. Most of it really was verbal, emotional… a lot of manipulating, manipulation. Then he realized where he was and who I was… but he’d been drinking, so he didn’t remember it. I just spent the night in a corner, terrified.”
2.3. Relationship Influences and “For Better or Worse”
“Well, we were together for many years, and it was that we had so much invested in it… It’s not his fault, he’s a veteran, for better or for worse… and I didn’t want to take his son away from him. I wanted his son to have a father. So many years of marriage invested…. He couldn’t take care of himself because he’s ill, and I didn’t want to take my son and I didn’t want to be away from my son.”
2.4. Cultural Influences and Redefining Violence
“The only thing he’s really done is pushed. He threw a stand at me… but it didn’t hit me. He knows if he hits me, he’ll get his gun permit taken away. So he’s never really used his hands on me. He hit my daughter. He’s thrown several things at me. He’s kicked me. But that’s it… [Someone] broke [the furniture]. And it made him mad. That’s when he threw [the furniture] at me and punched the walls…. I’ve been lucky with him not hitting me. It’s mainly been kicking or shoving. I thought things would work out. Because sometimes people do have a temper, but then things do work out.”
3. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Goodfriend, W.; Arriaga, X.B. Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112464
Goodfriend W, Arriaga XB. Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112464
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoodfriend, Wind, and Ximena B. Arriaga. 2018. "Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112464