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Article

Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

by
Nihaya Al-Sheyab
1,2,3,*,
Mahmoud A. Alomari
4,†,
Smita Shah
5,†,
Patrick Gallagher
2,† and
Robyn Gallagher
2,3
1
Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, P.O. Box 3030, Jordan
2
Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
3
Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
4
Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
5
Faculty of Medicine, Western Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11(9), 9008-9023; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909008
Submission received: 14 July 2014 / Revised: 15 August 2014 / Accepted: 26 August 2014 / Published: 1 September 2014
Versions Notes

Abstract

Our study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of tobacco smoking among early adolescent males in Northern Jordan and whether asthma diagnosis affects smoking patterns. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Males in grades 7 and 8 from four randomly selected high schools in the city of Irbid were enrolled. Data on waterpipe (WP) use and cigarette smoking patterns were obtained (n = 815) using a survey in Arabic language. The overall prevalence of ever having smoked a cigarette was 35.6%, with 86.2% of this group smoking currently. Almost half of the sample reported WP use. The most common age in which adolescents started to experiment with cigarettes was 11–12 years old (49.1%), although 10 years was also common (25.3%). Significant predictors of male cigarette smoking were WP use (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.99–5.76), asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46–3.78), grade 8 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.10–2.11), and having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53–3.24). However, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, thus longitudinal studies are needed. Public health programs and school-based anti-tobacco smoking interventions that target children in early years at high schools are warranted to prevent the uptake of tobacco use among this vulnerable age group. High school students with asthma should be specifically targeted.
Keywords: adolescent; asthma; cigarette smoking; prevalence; water pipe; Jordan adolescent; asthma; cigarette smoking; prevalence; water pipe; Jordan

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Sheyab, N.; Alomari, M.A.; Shah, S.; Gallagher, P.; Gallagher, R. Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 9008-9023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909008

AMA Style

Al-Sheyab N, Alomari MA, Shah S, Gallagher P, Gallagher R. Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(9):9008-9023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909008

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Sheyab, Nihaya, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Smita Shah, Patrick Gallagher, and Robyn Gallagher. 2014. "Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 9: 9008-9023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909008

APA Style

Al-Sheyab, N., Alomari, M. A., Shah, S., Gallagher, P., & Gallagher, R. (2014). Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 9008-9023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909008

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