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Marine Drugs
Volume 24
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10.3390/md24020068
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Article

Taxonomic Diversity and Metabolic and Pharmacological Profiles of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from the Lisbon and Setúbal Coast, Portugal

by
Miguel P. Coelho
1,2,
Pablo Suárez-Moo
3,
Mariana Rocha
4,
Artur O. G. Matos
4,
Vanda Marques
5,
Sara Margarida
1,2,
Mário Mil-Homens
6,
Alejandra Prieto-Davó
1,2,3,
Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
5,
Anelize Bauermeister
4,
Rita G. Sobral
1,2 and
Susana P. Gaudêncio
1,2,*
1
Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
2
UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
Unidad Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal 97356, Yucatán, Mexico
4
Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
5
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
6
IPMA—Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Divisão de Oceanografia e Ambiente Marinho, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020068
Submission received: 19 December 2025 / Revised: 30 January 2026 / Accepted: 31 January 2026 / Published: 3 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Pharmacology)
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Abstract

This study explores the taxonomic diversity, metabolic profile, and bioactivity of marine-derived actinomycetes isolated from sediments collected off the coast of Lisbon and Setúbal Peninsula, Portugal. The combined use of two sediment pre-treatments (heat shock and dry overnight) and four growth media with varying nutrient concentrations revealed that formulations 10% A1 and SWA were most effective for recovering diverse actinomycetes, including rare Actinomadura, resulting in a total of 142 cultivable strains closely related to 47 phylogenetic distinct species dominated by Streptomyces and Micromonospora. Antimicrobial screening against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, COL) and Escherichia coli (K12) identified 22 bioactive strains, with strain PTS-083 exhibiting the strongest activity against MRSA (MIC = 1.95 µg/mL) and a 98.30% 16S rRNA gene identity to S. chumphonensis, highlighting it as a strong candidate for further metabolite and genomic studies. Cytotoxicity assays against HCT-116 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells revealed eight bioactive strains with potent anticancer activity for extracts from strains related to S. sundarbansensis, S. violaceorubidus, and S. aculeolatus (IC50 < 0.005–5.08 µg/mL). Untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis uncovered a wide array of secondary metabolites, including macrolides, siderophores, fatty acids, and cyclic peptides. Comparative analyses with other Portuguese coastal studies revealed both shared and distinctive metabolomic profiles, emphasizing the importance of exhaustive sampling, even at nearby locations, since localized environmental conditions can influence metabolic diversity and are crucial for uncovering unique metabolites with potential biotechnological value. These findings highlight Portugal’s coastal sediments as a rich and underexplored source of novel actinomycetes and bioactive compounds with promising pharmaceutical applications.
Keywords: actinobacteria; antimicrobial and anticancer activity; blue biotechnology; marine natural products; metabolomics; molecular networking actinobacteria; antimicrobial and anticancer activity; blue biotechnology; marine natural products; metabolomics; molecular networking
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MDPI and ACS Style

Coelho, M.P.; Suárez-Moo, P.; Rocha, M.; Matos, A.O.G.; Marques, V.; Margarida, S.; Mil-Homens, M.; Prieto-Davó, A.; Rodrigues, C.M.P.; Bauermeister, A.; et al. Taxonomic Diversity and Metabolic and Pharmacological Profiles of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from the Lisbon and Setúbal Coast, Portugal. Mar. Drugs 2026, 24, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020068

AMA Style

Coelho MP, Suárez-Moo P, Rocha M, Matos AOG, Marques V, Margarida S, Mil-Homens M, Prieto-Davó A, Rodrigues CMP, Bauermeister A, et al. Taxonomic Diversity and Metabolic and Pharmacological Profiles of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from the Lisbon and Setúbal Coast, Portugal. Marine Drugs. 2026; 24(2):68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020068

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coelho, Miguel P., Pablo Suárez-Moo, Mariana Rocha, Artur O. G. Matos, Vanda Marques, Sara Margarida, Mário Mil-Homens, Alejandra Prieto-Davó, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Anelize Bauermeister, and et al. 2026. "Taxonomic Diversity and Metabolic and Pharmacological Profiles of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from the Lisbon and Setúbal Coast, Portugal" Marine Drugs 24, no. 2: 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020068

APA Style

Coelho, M. P., Suárez-Moo, P., Rocha, M., Matos, A. O. G., Marques, V., Margarida, S., Mil-Homens, M., Prieto-Davó, A., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Bauermeister, A., Sobral, R. G., & Gaudêncio, S. P. (2026). Taxonomic Diversity and Metabolic and Pharmacological Profiles of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from the Lisbon and Setúbal Coast, Portugal. Marine Drugs, 24(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020068

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