Synaptamide Modulates Astroglial Activity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Synaptamide Increases Serum and Brain Levels of DHEA and AEA
2.2. Synaptamide Reduces Serum Biomarkers after mTBI
2.3. Synaptamide Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis in mTBI Conditions
2.4. Synaptamide Reduce nNOS Production and Contributes to the Antioxidant Protection of Neurons
2.5. Synaptamide Regulates Trophic Support of Neurons in mTBI through the Production of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, Synaptamide)
4.2. Animals
4.3. mTBI Procedure
4.4. Immunohistochemistry and Microscopy
4.5. Assessment of SOD Enzyme Activity
4.6. Cells for Bioassay
4.7. Biomarker Measurement
4.8. Western Blotting
4.9. Quantitation of NAE in Brain Lipids
4.10. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ponomarenko, A.; Tyrtyshnaia, A.; Ivashkevich, D.; Ermolenko, E.; Dyuizen, I.; Manzhulo, I. Synaptamide Modulates Astroglial Activity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080538
Ponomarenko A, Tyrtyshnaia A, Ivashkevich D, Ermolenko E, Dyuizen I, Manzhulo I. Synaptamide Modulates Astroglial Activity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(8):538. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080538
Chicago/Turabian StylePonomarenko, Arina, Anna Tyrtyshnaia, Darya Ivashkevich, Ekaterina Ermolenko, Inessa Dyuizen, and Igor Manzhulo. 2022. "Synaptamide Modulates Astroglial Activity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury" Marine Drugs 20, no. 8: 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080538