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Article

The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Study from a Single Referral Center

by
Virginija Rudienė
1,*,
Lina Kaplerienė
1,
Monika Laukytė-Slėnienė
1,
Dovilė Žebrauskienė
1,
Vaida Averjanovaitė
2,
Virginija Šileikienė
2,
Ingrida Zeleckienė
3,
Mindaugas Matačiūnas
3,
Lina Gumbienė
1 and
Eglė Grigonienė
1
1
Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
2
Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
3
Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2024, 60(5), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050750
Submission received: 10 March 2024 / Revised: 26 April 2024 / Accepted: 28 April 2024 / Published: 30 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management)
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Abstract

Background and Objectives. COVID-19 infection has a significant burden on global morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly people and in patients with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on patients diagnosed with severe chronic PH. Materials and Methods. A single-center prospective cohort study was performed. Patients were enrolled from 1 November 2020 to 31 December 2022. Follow-up was until 31 December 2023. Data were collected on PH diagnosis, clinical presentation, outcomes, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, pulmonary function test with lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) analysis. Results. During the 26 months of our study, 51 PH patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. The majority, 44 (86.3%) of all COVID-19 infected patients, were treated on an outpatient basis, and 7 (13.7%) required hospitalization. During the follow-up period, 8 (15.7%) patients died: 4 (7.8%) due to complications of COVID-19 infection, and the other 4 (7.8%) died in the later stages of the follow-up period after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the in-hospital mortality in our study was 43% (n = 3). As mentioned above, the overall mortality was 7.8% (n = 4). Higher BNP levels in the third month after COVID-19 were associated with higher mortality rates (p = 0.028). Lung function, including DLCO, did not significantly worsen with COVID-19. In our study, 24 patients (47.1%) were referred for a follow-up CTPA scan and one of them developed typical fibrotic lung changes after COVID-19. Conclusions. The incidence of COVID-19 infection in patients diagnosed with PH was 34%. In our patients with severe chronic PH, the overall mortality rate due to COVID-19 infection was low. Pulmonary fibrosis was a rare complication in our cohort. COVID-19 infection in severe PH may increase the risk of worsening chronic heart failure.
Keywords: pulmonary hypertension; COVID-19; pulmonary fibrosis pulmonary hypertension; COVID-19; pulmonary fibrosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rudienė, V.; Kaplerienė, L.; Laukytė-Slėnienė, M.; Žebrauskienė, D.; Averjanovaitė, V.; Šileikienė, V.; Zeleckienė, I.; Matačiūnas, M.; Gumbienė, L.; Grigonienė, E. The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Study from a Single Referral Center. Medicina 2024, 60, 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050750

AMA Style

Rudienė V, Kaplerienė L, Laukytė-Slėnienė M, Žebrauskienė D, Averjanovaitė V, Šileikienė V, Zeleckienė I, Matačiūnas M, Gumbienė L, Grigonienė E. The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Study from a Single Referral Center. Medicina. 2024; 60(5):750. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050750

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudienė, Virginija, Lina Kaplerienė, Monika Laukytė-Slėnienė, Dovilė Žebrauskienė, Vaida Averjanovaitė, Virginija Šileikienė, Ingrida Zeleckienė, Mindaugas Matačiūnas, Lina Gumbienė, and Eglė Grigonienė. 2024. "The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Study from a Single Referral Center" Medicina 60, no. 5: 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050750

APA Style

Rudienė, V., Kaplerienė, L., Laukytė-Slėnienė, M., Žebrauskienė, D., Averjanovaitė, V., Šileikienė, V., Zeleckienė, I., Matačiūnas, M., Gumbienė, L., & Grigonienė, E. (2024). The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Study from a Single Referral Center. Medicina, 60(5), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050750

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