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Review

Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives

by
Edoardo Troncone
1,*,
Rosa Amendola
1,
Alessandro Moscardelli
1,
Elena De Cristofaro
1,
Pasquale De Vico
2,
Omero Alessandro Paoluzi
1,
Giovanni Monteleone
1,
Manuel Perez-Miranda
3 and
Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco
1
1
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2024, 60(4), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040633
Submission received: 9 March 2024 / Accepted: 12 April 2024 / Published: 14 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy)
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Abstract

In recent years, therapeutic endoscopy has become a fundamental tool in the management of gallbladder diseases in light of its minimal invasiveness, high clinical efficacy, and good safety profile. Both endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (TGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) provide effective internal drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis unfit for cholecystectomy, avoiding the drawbacks of external percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD). The availability of dedicated lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for EUS-guided transluminal interventions contributed to the expansion of endoscopic therapies for acute cholecystitis, making endoscopic gallbladder drainage easier, faster, and hence more widely available. Moreover, EUS-GBD with LAMS opened the possibility of several cholecystoscopy-guided interventions, such as gallstone lithotripsy and clearance. Finally, EUS-GBD has also been proposed as a rescue drainage modality in malignant biliary obstruction after failure of standard techniques, with encouraging results. In this review, we will describe the TBGD and EUS-GBD techniques, and we will discuss the available data on clinical efficacy in different settings in comparison with PGBD. Finally, we will comment on the future perspectives of EUS-GBD, discussing the areas of uncertainty in which new data are more strongly awaited.
Keywords: acute cholecystitis; EUS-guided drainage; interventional EUS; therapeutic EUS; ERCP; cholecystostomy; cholecystectomy; biliary obstruction acute cholecystitis; EUS-guided drainage; interventional EUS; therapeutic EUS; ERCP; cholecystostomy; cholecystectomy; biliary obstruction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Troncone, E.; Amendola, R.; Moscardelli, A.; De Cristofaro, E.; De Vico, P.; Paoluzi, O.A.; Monteleone, G.; Perez-Miranda, M.; Del Vecchio Blanco, G. Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives. Medicina 2024, 60, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040633

AMA Style

Troncone E, Amendola R, Moscardelli A, De Cristofaro E, De Vico P, Paoluzi OA, Monteleone G, Perez-Miranda M, Del Vecchio Blanco G. Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives. Medicina. 2024; 60(4):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040633

Chicago/Turabian Style

Troncone, Edoardo, Rosa Amendola, Alessandro Moscardelli, Elena De Cristofaro, Pasquale De Vico, Omero Alessandro Paoluzi, Giovanni Monteleone, Manuel Perez-Miranda, and Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco. 2024. "Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives" Medicina 60, no. 4: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040633

APA Style

Troncone, E., Amendola, R., Moscardelli, A., De Cristofaro, E., De Vico, P., Paoluzi, O. A., Monteleone, G., Perez-Miranda, M., & Del Vecchio Blanco, G. (2024). Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives. Medicina, 60(4), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040633

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