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Volume 60
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Review

Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis

by
Joicye Hernández-Zulueta
1,*,†,
Andres J. Bolaños-Chang
2,
Francisco J. Santa Cruz-Pavlovich
2,
América D. Valero Rodríguez
2,
Alejandro Lizárraga Madrigal
2,
Ximena I. Del Rio-Murillo
2,
José Navarro-Partida
2,3 and
Alejandro Gonzalez-De la Rosa
2,3,*,†
1
Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
3
Centro de Retina Medica y Quirúrgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Medicina 2024, 60(4), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040592
Submission received: 2 February 2024 / Revised: 10 March 2024 / Accepted: 29 March 2024 / Published: 3 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Diseases: Clinical Presentation and Novel Treatments)
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Abstract

The human microbiome has a crucial role in the homeostasis and health of the host. These microorganisms along with their genes are involved in various processes, among these are neurological signaling, the maturation of the immune system, and the inhibition of opportunistic pathogens. In this sense, it has been shown that a healthy ocular microbiota acts as a barrier against the entry of pathogens, contributing to the prevention of infections. In recent years, a relationship has been suggested between microbiota dysbiosis and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In patients with glaucoma, it has been observed that the microbiota of the ocular surface, intraocular cavity, oral cavity, stomach, and gut differ from those observed in healthy patients, which may suggest a role in pathology development, although the evidence remains limited. The mechanisms involved in the relationship of the human microbiome and this neurodegenerative disease remain largely unknown. For this reason, the present review aims to show a broad overview of the influence of the structure and composition of the human oral and gut microbiota and relate its dysbiosis to neurodegenerative diseases, especially glaucoma.
Keywords: microbiome; glaucoma; ocular homeostasis; dysbiosis microbiome; glaucoma; ocular homeostasis; dysbiosis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hernández-Zulueta, J.; Bolaños-Chang, A.J.; Santa Cruz-Pavlovich, F.J.; Valero Rodríguez, A.D.; Lizárraga Madrigal, A.; Del Rio-Murillo, X.I.; Navarro-Partida, J.; Gonzalez-De la Rosa, A. Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Medicina 2024, 60, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040592

AMA Style

Hernández-Zulueta J, Bolaños-Chang AJ, Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Valero Rodríguez AD, Lizárraga Madrigal A, Del Rio-Murillo XI, Navarro-Partida J, Gonzalez-De la Rosa A. Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Medicina. 2024; 60(4):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040592

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hernández-Zulueta, Joicye, Andres J. Bolaños-Chang, Francisco J. Santa Cruz-Pavlovich, América D. Valero Rodríguez, Alejandro Lizárraga Madrigal, Ximena I. Del Rio-Murillo, José Navarro-Partida, and Alejandro Gonzalez-De la Rosa. 2024. "Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis" Medicina 60, no. 4: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040592

APA Style

Hernández-Zulueta, J., Bolaños-Chang, A. J., Santa Cruz-Pavlovich, F. J., Valero Rodríguez, A. D., Lizárraga Madrigal, A., Del Rio-Murillo, X. I., Navarro-Partida, J., & Gonzalez-De la Rosa, A. (2024). Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Medicina, 60(4), 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040592

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