Sarcopenia with Depression Presents a More Severe Disability Than Only Sarcopenia among Japanese Older Adults in Need of Long-Term Care
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Ethical Considerations
2.2. Participants
2.3. Basic Attributes
2.4. Sarcopenia Assessment
2.5. Depression Assessment
2.6. Definition of Sarcopenia with Depression
2.7. Grouping
2.8. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | Are you basically satisfied with your life? |
2 | Have you dropped many of your activities and interests? |
3 | Do you feel that your life is empty? |
4 | Do you often get bored? |
5 | Are you in good spirits most of the time? |
6 | Are you afraid that something bad is going to happen to you? |
7 | Do you feel happy most of the time? |
8 | Do you often feel helpless? |
9 | Do you prefer to stay at home, rather than going out and doing new things? |
10 | Do you feel you have more problems with memory than most? |
11 | Do you think it is wonderful to be alive now? |
12 | Do you feel pretty worthless the way you are now? |
13 | Do you feel full of energy? |
14 | Do you feel that your situation is hopeless? |
15 | Do you think that most people are better off than you are? |
Variables | All (n = 186) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) CO (n = 41) | (b) OD (n = 37) | (c) OS (n = 50) | (d) SD (n = 58) | p | |
Women, n (%) | 21 (51.2) | 20 (54.1) | 18 (36.0) | 21 (36.2) | 0.143 |
Age (years) | 78.0 ± 8.0 | 74.8 ± 9.5 | 79.3 ± 8.0 | 80.1 ± 8.0 | 0.067 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 4.7 | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 21.1 ± 3.1 | 20.6 ± 3.1 | <0.001 * |
MNA-sf (scores) † | 12.0 (11.0–14.0) | 12.0 (10.0–13.0) | 12.0 (9.25–13.0) | 9.0 (6.25–11.0) | <0.001 * |
Care or support level (1–7) † | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (1.25–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.75) | <0.001 * |
Grip strength (kg) | 23.7 ± 7.8 | 24.7 ± 8.9 | 21.4 ± 6.4 | 18.6 ± 6.8 | <0.001 * |
Gait speed (m/s) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 * |
SMI (kg/m2) | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | <0.001 * |
GDS-15 (scores) † | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 9.0 (7.0–10.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 8.0 (7.0–11.0) | <0.001 * |
Comorbidities | |||||
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 5 (12.2) | 2 (5.4) | 5 (10.0) | 7 (12.1) | 0.713 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 19 (46.3) | 20 (54.1) | 23 (46.0) | 30 (53.4) | 0.817 |
Dementia, n (%) | 6 (14.6) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (6.0) | 7 (12.1) | 0.583 |
Respiratory disease, n (%) | 8 (19.5) | 2 (5.4) | 8 (16.0) | 9 (15.5) | 0.328 |
Circulatory disease, n (%) | 7 (17.1) | 5 (13.5) | 15 (30.0) | 17 (29.3) | 0.146 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (36.6) | 15 (40.5) | 24 (48.0) | 21 (36.2) | 0.550 |
Cancer, n (%) | 5 (12.2) | 8 (21.6) | 14 (28.0) | 11 (19.0) | 0.316 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (9.8) | 9 (24.3) | 13 (26.0) | 13 (22.4) | 0.238 |
Orthopedic disease, n (%) | 28 (68.3) | 17 (45.9) | 17 (34.0) | 31 (53.4) | 0.134 |
Neurological incurable disease, n (%) | 3 (7.3) | 6 (16.2) | 6 (12.0) | 9 (15.5) | 0.583 |
BMI | MNA-sf | Care or Support Level | Grip Strength | Gait Speed | SMI | GDS-15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | - | ||||||
MNA-sf | 0.434 ** | - | |||||
Care or support level | −0.156 * | −0.289 ** | - | ||||
Grip strength | 0.202 ** | 0.297 ** | −0.181 * | - | |||
Gait speed | 0.104 | 0.190 ** | −0.336 ** | 0.133 | - | ||
SMI | 0.487 ** | 0.285 ** | −0.224 ** | 0.619 ** | 0.165 * | - | |
GDS-15 | −0.154 * | −0.346 ** | 0.124 | −0.086 | −0.063 | −0.142 | - |
All (n = 186) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Grip Strength (kg) | Gait speed (m/s) | ||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | 0.031 | 1.265 | 0.639 | 0.125 | 0.067 | 0.154 |
OS | −0.197 | 1.175 | 0.004 * | −0.198 | 0.062 | 0.029 * |
SD | −0.368 | 1.146 | <0.001 * | −0.292 | 0.060 | 0.002 * |
SMI (kg/m2) | BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | −0.058 | 0.156 | 0.308 | −0.147 | 0.795 | 0.077 |
OS | −0.582 | 0.145 | <0.001 * | −0.397 | 0.739 | <0.001 * |
SD | −0.692 | 0.141 | <0.001 * | −0.464 | 0.721 | <0.001 * |
Men (n = 106) | ||||||
Grip strength (kg) | Gait speed (m/s) | |||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | 0.020 | 2.134 | 0.851 | 0.080 | 0.099 | 0.498 |
OS | −0.278 | 1.849 | 0.018 * | −0.131 | 0.086 | 0.307 |
SD | −0.446 | 1.825 | <0.001 * | −0.332 | 0.085 | 0.012 * |
SMI (kg/m2) | BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | −0.115 | 0.242 | 0.176 | −0.087 | −0.104 | 0.347 |
OS | −0.699 | 0.210 | <0.001 * | −0.429 | −0.420 | <0.001 * |
SD | −0.837 | 0.207 | <0.001 * | −0.484 | −0.481 | <0.001 * |
Women (n = 80) | ||||||
Grip strength (kg) | Gait speed (m/s) | |||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | 0.070 | 1.306 | 0.531 | 0.160 | 0.089 | 0.212 |
OS | −0.171 | 1.323 | 0.121 | −0.310 | 0.091 | 0.015 * |
SD | −0.451 | 1.272 | <0.001 * | −0.275 | 0.087 | 0.032 * |
SMI (kg/m2) | BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
OD | 0.002 | 0.193 | 0.984 | −0.190 | 1.235 | 0.136 |
OS | −0.588 | 0.196 | <0.001 * | −0.361 | 1.250 | 0.004 * |
SD | −0.685 | 0.188 | <0.001 * | −0.458 | 1.202 | <0.001 * |
Variables | OS (n = 50) | SD (n = 58) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 18 (36.0) | 21 (36.2) | 0.982 |
Age (years) | 79.3 ± 8.0 | 80.1 ± 8.0 | 0.579 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1 ± 3.1 | 20.6 ± 3.1 | 0.425 |
MNA-sf (scores) † | 12.0 (9.25–13.0) | 9.0 (6.25–11.0) | <0.001 * |
Care or support level (1–7) † | 3.0 (1.25–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.75) | 0.149 |
Grip strength (kg) | 21.4 ± 6.4 | 18.6 ± 6.8 | 0.026 * |
Gait speed (m/s) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.370 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.146 |
Variables | β | SE | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grip strength | −0.093 | 0.046 | 0.911 | 0.832–0.997 | 0.044 * |
MNA-sf | −0.212 | 0.072 | 0.809 | 0.703–0.931 | 0.003 * |
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Shiba, T.; Sato, R.; Sawaya, Y.; Hirose, T.; Ishizaka, M.; Kubo, A.; Urano, T. Sarcopenia with Depression Presents a More Severe Disability Than Only Sarcopenia among Japanese Older Adults in Need of Long-Term Care. Medicina 2023, 59, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061095
Shiba T, Sato R, Sawaya Y, Hirose T, Ishizaka M, Kubo A, Urano T. Sarcopenia with Depression Presents a More Severe Disability Than Only Sarcopenia among Japanese Older Adults in Need of Long-Term Care. Medicina. 2023; 59(6):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061095
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiba, Takahiro, Ryo Sato, Yohei Sawaya, Tamaki Hirose, Masahiro Ishizaka, Akira Kubo, and Tomohiko Urano. 2023. "Sarcopenia with Depression Presents a More Severe Disability Than Only Sarcopenia among Japanese Older Adults in Need of Long-Term Care" Medicina 59, no. 6: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061095
APA StyleShiba, T., Sato, R., Sawaya, Y., Hirose, T., Ishizaka, M., Kubo, A., & Urano, T. (2023). Sarcopenia with Depression Presents a More Severe Disability Than Only Sarcopenia among Japanese Older Adults in Need of Long-Term Care. Medicina, 59(6), 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061095