Prevalence of Self-Reported Hand Eczema Signs among Healthcare Workers after the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in a Northern Italy Hospital
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Comorbidities
3.3. Hand Hygiene Habits
3.4. Self-Reported Skin Lesions
3.5. Sample Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N (%) N = 863 |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 212 (24.57) |
Female | 651 (75.43) |
Age, years | |
Mean (SD) | 41.70 (12.82) |
Median (Q1–Q3) | 43 (29–53) |
Smoking habits | |
No | 640 (74.59) |
Yes | 138 (16.08) |
Ex (>6 months) | 68 (7.93) |
Ex (<6 months) | 12 (1.40) |
Occupational sector | |
Nurse | 295 (34.26) |
Medical doctor | 174 (20.21) |
Medical/nursing students | 107 (12.43) |
Social worker in public health service | 83 (9.64) |
Lab technician | 59 (6.85) |
Administrative | 52 (6.04) |
Physiotherapist/speech therapist | 27 (3.14) |
Obstetrician | 17 (1.97) |
Other | 49 (5.68) |
COVID Ward | |
Yes | 282 (32.87) |
Clinical Features | |
Comorbidities | |
Allergic rhinitis | 201 (23.29) |
Atopic dermatitis | 102 (11.82) |
Contact skin allergies | 93 (10.78) |
Allergic conjunctivitis | 84 (9.73) |
Asthma | 51 (5.91) |
Hand and Hygiene Behaviors | |
Hand hygiene behaviors changes | |
Yes | 717 (83.86) |
Daily frequency of hand washing before COVID-19 | |
<5 | 164 (19.16) |
5–10 | 368 (42.99) |
10–20 | 238 (27.80) |
20+ | 86 (10.05) |
Daily frequency of hand washing after COVID-19 | |
<5 | 7 (0.82) |
5–10 | 134 (15.62) |
10–20 | 324 (37.76) |
20+ | 393 (45.80) |
Use of hand cream | |
No | 213 (24.85) |
Yes (previous user) | 422 (49.24) |
Yes (new user) | 222 (25.90) |
N = 441 (%) | |
---|---|
Itch | |
Yes | 227 (51.47) |
Itch influencing normal daily activity and sleep (n = 227) * | |
Yes | 74 (32.6) |
Previous dermatological examination | |
Yes | 87 (19.73) |
At least one topical cure | |
Yes | 429 (97.28) |
Type of topical cure | |
Emollient cream | 345 (78.23) |
Barrier cream | 100 (22.68) |
Corticosteroid cream alone | 37 (8.39) |
Corticosteroid/antibiotic | 48 (10.88) |
Previous hand dermatitis | 39 (8.84) |
Yes | 168 (38.10) |
Type of hand dermatitis (n = 168) ** | |
Dyshidrosis | 55 (32.74) |
Psoriasis | 12 (7.14) |
Other | 101 (60.12) |
Timing of hand dermatitis (n = 168) ** | |
<6 months | 26 (15.48) |
1 year | 23 (13.69) |
>1 year | 117 (69.64) |
Not specify | 2 (1.19) |
Possible causes associated with hand dermatitis (n = 168) ** | |
Increase hand washing | 91 (54.17) |
Use of alcohol-based sanitizing | 129 (76.79) |
Job change | 3 (1.79) |
Healthcare Workers N = 657 (%) | Administrative N = 206 (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes | 546 (83.87) | 171 (83.82) | 0.9872 |
Daily frequency of hand washing before COVID-19 | |||
<5 | 100 (15.34) | 64 (31.37) | <0.0001 |
5–10 | 282 (43.25) | 86 (42.16) | |
10–20 | 191 (29.29) | 47 (23.04) | |
20+ | 79 (12.12) | 7 (3.43) | |
Daily frequency of hand washing after COVID-19 | |||
<5 | 4 (0.61) | 3 (1.47) | <0.0001 |
5–10 | 73 (11.16) | 61 (29.90) | |
10–20 | 241 (36.85) | 83 (40.69) | |
20+ | 336 (51.38) | 57 (27.94) | |
Use of hand cream | |||
No | 150 (22.97) | 63 (30.88) | 0.0663 |
Yes (previous user) | 332 (50.84) | 90 (44.12) | |
Yes (new user) | 171 (26.19) | 51 (25.00) |
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Veronese, F.; Esposto, E.; Airoldi, C.; Gramaglia, C.; Zeppegno, P.; Zavattaro, E.; Savoia, P. Prevalence of Self-Reported Hand Eczema Signs among Healthcare Workers after the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in a Northern Italy Hospital. Medicina 2023, 59, 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061054
Veronese F, Esposto E, Airoldi C, Gramaglia C, Zeppegno P, Zavattaro E, Savoia P. Prevalence of Self-Reported Hand Eczema Signs among Healthcare Workers after the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in a Northern Italy Hospital. Medicina. 2023; 59(6):1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061054
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronese, Federica, Elia Esposto, Chiara Airoldi, Carla Gramaglia, Patrizia Zeppegno, Elisa Zavattaro, and Paola Savoia. 2023. "Prevalence of Self-Reported Hand Eczema Signs among Healthcare Workers after the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in a Northern Italy Hospital" Medicina 59, no. 6: 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061054
APA StyleVeronese, F., Esposto, E., Airoldi, C., Gramaglia, C., Zeppegno, P., Zavattaro, E., & Savoia, P. (2023). Prevalence of Self-Reported Hand Eczema Signs among Healthcare Workers after the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey in a Northern Italy Hospital. Medicina, 59(6), 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061054