Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants Selection
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Oral Examination
2.4. Assessment of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Oral Findings
3.3. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
3.4. Factors Associated with OHRQoL
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Case Group (N = 40) | Control Group (N = 40) |
---|---|---|
Sex [n (%)] Males Females | ||
2 (5.0) 38 (95.0) | 1 (2.5) 39 (97.5) | |
Education [n (%)] Elementary school High school University degree Doctoral degree | ||
9 (22.5) 18 (45.0) 11 (27.5) 2 (5.0) | 9 (22.5) 20 (50.0) 10 (25.0) 1 (2.5) | |
Employment [n (%)] Employed Unemployed Retired | ||
4 (10.0) 12 (30.0) 24 (60.0) | 3 (7.5) 15 (37.5) 22 (55.0) | |
Marital status [n (%)] Single In a relationship/married Divorced Widowed | ||
1 (2.5) 29 (72.5) 3 (7.5) 7 (17.5) | 3 (7.5) 26 (65.0) 2 (5.0) 9 (22.5) | |
Alcohol [n (%)] Never Sometimes Regularly | ||
36 (90.0) 4 (10.0) 0 (0.0) | 39 (97.5) 1 (2.5) 0 (0.0) | |
Physical activity [n (%)] Never Sometimes Regularly | ||
30 (75.0) 8 (20.0) 2 (5.0) | 29 (72.5) 7 (17.5) 4 (10.0) | |
Disease duration [median (IQR)] | 10 (13.0) | 7 (8.0) |
Variables | Case Group (N = 40) | Control Group (N = 40) |
---|---|---|
pSS systemic manifestations [n (%)] | ||
Skin involvement | 6 (15.0) | 1 (2.5) |
Musculoskeletal involvement | 37 (92.5) | 24 (60.0) |
Renal involvement | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) |
Lung involvement | 4 (10.0) | 2 (5.0) |
PNS involvement | 9 (22.5) | 3 (7.5) |
Hematological involvement | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.5) |
Gastrointestinal involvement | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Endocrine involvement | 3 (7.5) | 8 (20.0) |
Immunological involvement | 7 (17.5) | 1 (2.5) |
pSS serological findings [n (%)] | ||
RF+ | 29 (72.5) | 25 (62.5) |
ANA+ | 36 (90.0) | 31 (77.5) |
pSS medication [n (%)] | ||
Chloroquine | 29 (72.5) | 16 (40.0) |
Hydroxychloroquine | 1 (2.5) | 18 (45.0) |
Antimalarials + corticosteroids | 10 (25.0) | 6 (15.0) |
Oral Lesions and Symptoms | Yes n (%) | No n (%) |
---|---|---|
Exfoliative cheilitis | 29 (36.3) | 51 (63.7) |
Angular cheilitis | 6 (7.5) | 74 (92.5) |
Aphthae | 13 (16.3) | 67 (83.7) |
Traumatic lesions | 8 (10.0) | 72 (90.0) |
Periodontal disease | 24 (30.0) | 56 (70.0) |
Dental caries | 16 (20.0) | 64 (80.0) |
Geographic tongue | 3 (3.8) | 77 (96.2) |
Coated tongue | 8 (10.0) | 72 (90.0) |
Atrophic glossitis | 10 (12.5) | 70 (87.5) |
Denture stomatitis | 9 (11.3) | 71 (88.7) |
Erythematous candidiasis | 3 (3.8) | 77 (96.2) |
Lichen planus | 4 (5.0) | 76 (95.0) |
Generalized stomatitis | 5 (6.3) | 75 (93.7) |
Chewing difficulties | 24 (30.0) | 56 (70.0) |
Swallowing difficulties | 24 (30.0) | 56 (70.0) |
Speaking difficulties | 10 (12.5) | 70 (87.5) |
Denture-wearing difficulties | 15 (18.8) | 65 (81.2) |
Burning sensation | 26 (32.5) | 54 (67.5) |
Taste alteration | 20 (25.0) | 60 (75.0) |
Periodontal Indexes a | Case Group Median (IQR) | Control Group Median (IQR) | All Patients Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|
CPITN * | 2.67 (0.67) | 1.50 (0.83) | 2.17 (1.30) |
PI * | 1.96 (0.56) | 0.66 (0.38) | 1.29 (1.30) |
GI * | 1.77 (0.59) | 0.83 (0.21) | 1.37 (0.96) |
SBI * | 2.02 (0.74) | 0.41 (0.15) | 0.56 (1.64) |
OHIP-14 Domains a | Case Group Median (IQR) | Control Group Median (IQR) | All Patients Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|
Functional limitation * | 4.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.0) | 3.0 (2.0) |
Physical pain * | 6.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.0) |
Psychological discomfort * | 6.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.0) | 5.0 (2.0) |
Physical disability * | 2.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.0) |
Psychological disability * | 5.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) |
Social disability * | 3.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) |
Handicap * | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.0) |
Oral Manifestations a | OHIP-14 Score Median (IQR) |
---|---|
Exfoliative cheilitis ** Yes No | 26.0 (5.0) 18.0 (5.0) |
Angular cheilitis * Yes No | 26.0 (8.0) 20.0 (9.0) |
Aphthae ** Yes No | 27.0 (4.0) 19.0 (8.0) |
Traumatic lesions * Yes No | 26.0 (6.0) 19.5 (9.0) |
Periodontal disease ** Yes No | 26.0 (4.0) 18.0 (8.0) |
Caries * Yes No | 25.5 (3.0) 19.0 (9.0) |
Coated tongue * Yes No | 26.5 (5.0) 19.5 (9.0) |
Atrophic glossitis ** Yes No | 30.0 (5.0) 19.0 (9.0) |
Denture stomatitis * Yes No | 27.0 (5.0) 19.0 (9.0) |
Generalized stomatitis * Yes No | 29.0 (12.0) 20.0 (9.0) |
Chewing difficulties ** Yes No | 27.0 (5.0) 18.0 (8.0) |
Swallowing difficulties ** Yes No | 26.5 (5.0) 18.0 (7.0) |
Speaking difficulties * Yes No | 28.0 (6.0) 19.0 (9.0) |
Denture-wearing difficulties ** Yes No | 27.0 (6.0) 19.0 (9.0) |
Burning sensation ** Yes No | 26.5 (5.0) 18.0 (7.0) |
Taste alteration ** Yes No | 26.0 (5.0) 17.0 (4.0) |
Variable a | CPITN * | PI * | GI * | SBI * |
---|---|---|---|---|
OHIP-14 | 0.600 | 0.763 | 0.720 | 0.681 |
Variables a | B | β | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|
Group allocation * | 9.112 | 0.731 | 6.924–11.301 |
Systemic involvement | 1.236 | 0.066 | −1.311–3.782 |
Medication | 0.008 | 0.001 | −0.971–0.987 |
CPITN | 1.195 | 0.144 | −0.176–2.566 |
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Vujovic, S.; Desnica, J.; Stevanovic, M.; Mijailovic, S.; Vojinovic, R.; Selakovic, D.; Jovicic, N.; Rosic, G.; Milovanovic, D. Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Medicina 2023, 59, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030473
Vujovic S, Desnica J, Stevanovic M, Mijailovic S, Vojinovic R, Selakovic D, Jovicic N, Rosic G, Milovanovic D. Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Medicina. 2023; 59(3):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030473
Chicago/Turabian StyleVujovic, Sanja, Jana Desnica, Momir Stevanovic, Sara Mijailovic, Radisa Vojinovic, Dragica Selakovic, Nemanja Jovicic, Gvozden Rosic, and Dragan Milovanovic. 2023. "Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome" Medicina 59, no. 3: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030473