Pattern Strabismus in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China: A Retrospective Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Ophthalmologic Measurements
2.3. Surgical Techniques and Follow-Up
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Profiles
3.2. Clinical Features
3.3. Surgical Procedures
3.4. Surgical Outcomes
3.5. Associations among Clinical Features of Pattern Strabismus
4. Discussion
4.1. Clinical Features as Based on This Large-Sample Study
4.2. Binocular Function and the Occurrence/Development of Pattern Strabismus
4.3. Association between Pattern Strabismus and Scoliosis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample | A-Pattern | V-Pattern | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients, n | 905 | 313 | 592 | |
Gender (male/female), n | 507/398 | 176/137 | 331/261 | 0.93 |
Mean age at surgery, years | 16.53 ± 10.35 (2–63) | 20.06 ± 11.03 (2–50) | 14.66 ± 9.46 (2–63) | <0.0001 |
type of horizontal strabismus | 0.57 | |||
Exotropia | 718 (79.3) | 245 (78.3) | 473 (79.9) | |
Esotropia | 187 (20.7) | 68 (21.7) | 119 (20.1) | |
Onset age, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
Infant | 285 (31.5) | 96 (30.7) | 190 (32.1) | |
Child | 494 (54.6) | 156 (49.8) | 336 (56.7) | |
Adolescent | 70 (7.7) | 27 (8.6) | 43 (7.3) | |
Adult | 56 (6.2) | 34 (10.9) | 23 (3.9) |
Total Sample | A-Pattern | V-Pattern | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-operative horizontal deviation, PD | 41.58 ± 15.24 | 43.13 ± 16.95 | 40.76 ± 14.19 | <0.0001 |
Post-operative horizontal deviation, PD | −0.06 ± 9.34 | −0.08 ± 10.35 | −0.06 ± 8.77 | 0.047 |
p value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Pre-operative vertical deviation, PD | 5.26 ± 6.94 | 6.50 ± 8.00 | 4.61 ± 6.23 | <0.0001 |
Post-operative vertical deviation, PD | 1.69 ± 3.77 | 2.55 ± 4.61 | 1.24 ± 3.16 | <0.0001 |
p value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Pre-operative pattern, PD | 18.25 ± 7.23 | 15.75 ± 6.72 | 19.57 ± 7.15 | <0.0001 |
Post-operative pattern, PD | 0.70 ± 2.45 | 0.75 ± 2.57 | 0.68 ± 2.38 | 0.381 |
p value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Pre-operative binocular function, n (%) | ||||
Absence | 737 (81.4) | 262 (83.7) | 475 (80.2) | 0.397 |
Presence | 126 (13.9) | 37 (11.8) | 89 (15.1) | |
Simultaneous perception | 63 (50.0) | 25 (67.6) | 38 (42.7) | 0.026 |
Fusion | 39 (31.0) | 9 (24.3) | 30 (33.7) | |
Stereopsis | 24 (19.0) | 3 (8.1) | 21 (23.6) | |
Uncooperative | 42 (4.7) | 14 (4.5) | 28 (4.7) | |
Post-operative binocular function, n (%) | ||||
Absence | 590 (65.1) | 237 (75.7) | 353 (59.6) | <0.0001 |
Presence | 276 (30.5) | 63 (20.1) | 213 (36.0) | |
Simultaneous perception | 110 (39.9) | 33 (52.4) | 77 (36.2) | 0.048 |
Fusion | 98 (35.5) | 20 (31.7) | 78 (36.6) | |
Stereopsis | 68 (24.6) | 10 (15.9) | 58 (27.2) | |
Uncooperative | 39 (4.3) | 13 (4.2) | 26 (4.4) | |
Cobb angle (°) | 5.03 ± 4.06 | 5.67 ± 3.98 | 4.89 ± 4.07 | 0.488 |
Surgical Procedures for A-Pattern Strabismus | No. |
| 72 |
| 67 |
| 64 |
| 30 |
| 23 |
| 21 |
| 15 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
Surgical procedures for V-pattern strabismus | |
| 293 |
| 79 |
| 50 |
| 49 |
| 44 |
| 27 |
| 22 |
| 9 |
| 6 |
| 4 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
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Zhu, B.; Wang, X.; Fu, L.; Yan, J. Pattern Strabismus in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China: A Retrospective Review. Medicina 2022, 58, 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081018
Zhu B, Wang X, Fu L, Yan J. Pattern Strabismus in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China: A Retrospective Review. Medicina. 2022; 58(8):1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081018
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Binbin, Xiangjun Wang, Licheng Fu, and Jianhua Yan. 2022. "Pattern Strabismus in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China: A Retrospective Review" Medicina 58, no. 8: 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081018