Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of Patients
3.2. Univariate Comparison of Risk Factors
3.3. Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors and Their Correlation to ROP Incidence
3.4. Multivariate Analyses
3.4.1. Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors and Their Correlation to ROP (Stage 1–3) Incidence
3.4.2. Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors and Their Correlation to Specific ROP Stages
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ROP (Stage 1–3) | Stage 1 ROP | Stage 2 ROP | Stage 3 ROP | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Population (n) | Cases (n) | Percent of Total Population | Cases (n) | Percent of Total Population | Cases (n) | Percent of Total Population | Cases (n) | Percent of Total |
Total | 247 | 164 | 66.40% | 38 | 15.38% | 68 | 27.53% | 58 | 23.48% |
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 129 | 91 | 70.54% | 21 | 16.28% | 40 | 31.01% | 30 | 23.26% |
Female | 118 | 73 | 61.86% | 17 | 14.41% | 28 | 23.73% | 28 | 23.73% |
GA (weeks) | |||||||||
24 | 3 | 3 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 66.67% | 1 | 33.33% |
25 | 6 | 6 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 33.33% | 4 | 66.67% |
26 | 11 | 11 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 5 | 45.45% | 6 | 54.55% |
27 | 12 | 11 | 91.67% | 1 | 8.33% | 5 | 41.67% | 5 | 41.67% |
28 | 38 | 32 | 84.21% | 9 | 23.68% | 10 | 26.32% | 13 | 34.21% |
29 | 26 | 20 | 76.92% | 1 | 3.85% | 8 | 30.77% | 11 | 42.31% |
30 | 38 | 25 | 65.79% | 5 | 13.16% | 12 | 31.58% | 8 | 21.05% |
31 | 113 | 56 | 49.56% | 22 | 19.47% | 24 | 21.24% | 10 | 8.85% |
BW (g) | |||||||||
<750 | 7 | 7 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 14.29% | 6 | 85.71% |
750–999 | 55 | 51 | 92.73% | 4 | 7.27% | 25 | 45.45% | 22 | 40.00% |
1000–1250 | 39 | 33 | 84.62% | 8 | 20.51% | 12 | 30.77% | 13 | 33.33% |
>1250 | 146 | 73 | 50.00% | 26 | 17.81% | 30 | 20.55% | 17 | 11.64% |
Ventilation | |||||||||
Yes | 92 | 79 | 85.87% | 12 | 13.04% | 37 | 40.22% | 30 | 32.61% |
No | 155 | 85 | 54.84% | 26 | 16.77% | 31 | 20.00% | 28 | 18.06% |
CPAP | |||||||||
Yes | 135 | 106 | 78.52% | 14 | 10.37% | 47 | 34.81% | 45 | 33.33% |
No | 112 | 58 | 51.79% | 24 | 21.43% | 21 | 18.75% | 13 | 11.61% |
Surfactant | |||||||||
Yes | 107 | 89 | 83.18% | 15 | 14.02% | 40 | 37.38% | 34 | 31.78% |
No | 140 | 75 | 53.57% | 23 | 16.43% | 28 | 20.00% | 24 | 17.14% |
CRP | |||||||||
Pathological | 72 | 53 | 73.61% | 12 | 16.67% | 23 | 31.94% | 18 | 25.00% |
Normal | 175 | 111 | 63.43% | 26 | 14.86% | 45 | 25.71% | 40 | 22.86% |
LDH | |||||||||
Pathological | 159 | 109 | 69.19% | 26 | 15.70% | 48 | 29.07% | 35 | 24.42% |
Normal | 88 | 55 | 60.00% | 12 | 14.67% | 20 | 24.00% | 23 | 21.33% |
Characteristics | Without ROP (Any Stages) (n = 83) | With ROP Stage 1–3 (n = 164) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 38 (45.78%) | 91 (55.49%) | <0.001 |
Female | 45 (54.22%) | 73 (44.51%) | 0.013 |
GA, weeks | 30.4 ± 1 | 29.1 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
BW, g | 1620 ± 332 | 1234 ± 373 | <0.001 |
Ventilation treatment | 13 (15.66%) | 79 (48.17%) | <0.001 |
CPAP treatment | 29 (34.94%) | 106 (64.63%) | <0.001 |
Surfactant treatment | 18 (21.69%) | 89 (54.27%) | <0.001 |
CRP, mg/dL | 4.57 ± 6.2 | 6.12 ± 8.92 | 0.158 |
LDH, U/L | 878 ± 518 | 981 ± 782 | 0.279 |
Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ROP (Stage 1–3) Incidence Rate * |
---|---|---|---|
Sex, male/female | 1.476 (0.869–2.509) | 0.150 | 70.54%/61.86% |
GA, weeks | 0.530 (0.417–0.673) | <0.001 | |
BW, g | 0.997 (0.996–0.998) | <0.001 | |
Ventilation, yes/no | 5.005 (2.570–9.746) | <0.001 | 85.87%/54.84% |
CPAP, yes/no | 3.403 (1.957–5.918) | <0.001 | 78.52%/51.79% |
Surfactant, yes/no | 4.285 (2.338–7.853) | <0.001 | 83.18%/53.57% |
CRP, mg/dL | 1.028 (0.989–1.070) | 0.166 | |
LDH, U/L | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.283 |
Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
GA, weeks | 0.863 (0.630–1.182) | 0.358 |
BW, g | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) | <0.001 |
Ventilation, yes/no | 2.528 (1.082–5.904) | 0.032 |
CPAP, yes/no | 1.240 (0.616–2.496) | 0.547 |
Surfactant treatment, yes/no | 0.923 (0.393–2.168) | 0.855 |
Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Stage I ROP | ||
GA, weeks | 1.005 (0.668–1.513) | 0.980 |
BW, g | 0.999 (0.997–1.000) | 0.056 |
Ventilation, yes/no | 1.835 (0.601–5.599) | 0.286 |
CPAP, yes/no | 0.543 (0.207–1.424) | 0.215 |
Surfactant treatment, yes/no | 1.524 (0.481–4.828) | 0.474 |
Stage II ROP | ||
GA, weeks | 0.896 (0.630–1.276) | 0.544 |
BW, g | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) | 0.005 |
Ventilation, yes/no | 3.239 (1.241–8.455) | 0.016 |
CPAP, yes/no | 1.602 (0.695–3.691) | 0.268 |
Surfactant treatment, yes/no | 0.955 (0.348–2.619) | 0.928 |
Stage III ROP | ||
GA, weeks | 0.789 (0.546–1.138) | 0.205 |
BW, g | 0.997 (0.995–0.998) | <0.001 |
Ventilation, yes/no | 2.156 (0.731–6.362) | 0.164 |
CPAP, yes/no | 2.216 (0.865–5.682) | 0.098 |
Surfactant treatment, yes/no | 0.503 (0.162–1.565) | 0.236 |
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Borțea, C.I.; Stoica, F.; Boia, M.; Iacob, E.R.; Dinu, M.; Iacob, R.; Iacob, D. Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants. Medicina 2021, 57, 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050420
Borțea CI, Stoica F, Boia M, Iacob ER, Dinu M, Iacob R, Iacob D. Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants. Medicina. 2021; 57(5):420. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050420
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorțea, Claudia Ioana, Florina Stoica, Marioara Boia, Emil Radu Iacob, Mihai Dinu, Roxana Iacob, and Daniela Iacob. 2021. "Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants" Medicina 57, no. 5: 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050420