Review of the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pharmacological Symptom Management
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Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas A&M Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1010 W Ave B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
2
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas A&M Rangel College of Pharmacy, 59 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Stuart F. Quan
Medicina 2021, 57(11), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111173
Received: 29 September 2021
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Revised: 19 October 2021
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Accepted: 26 October 2021
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Published: 28 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnea: New Perspectives)
Nearly a billion adults around the world are affected by a disease that is characterized by upper airway collapse while sleeping called obstructive sleep apnea or OSA. The progression and lasting effects of untreated OSA include an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. There is often a decrease in quality-of-life scores and an increased rate of mortality in these patients. The most common and effective treatments for OSA include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), surgical treatment, behavior modification, changes in lifestyle, and mandibular advancement devices. There are currently no pharmacological options approved for the standard treatment of OSA. There are, however, some pharmacological treatments for daytime sleepiness caused by OSA. Identifying and treating obstructive sleep apnea early is important to reduce the risks of future complications.
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Keywords:
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); pharmacotherapy
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MDPI and ACS Style
Panahi, L.; Udeani, G.; Ho, S.; Knox, B.; Maille, J. Review of the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pharmacological Symptom Management. Medicina 2021, 57, 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111173
AMA Style
Panahi L, Udeani G, Ho S, Knox B, Maille J. Review of the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pharmacological Symptom Management. Medicina. 2021; 57(11):1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111173
Chicago/Turabian StylePanahi, Ladan, George Udeani, Steven Ho, Brett Knox, and Jason Maille. 2021. "Review of the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pharmacological Symptom Management" Medicina 57, no. 11: 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111173
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