Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2019, 55(7), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
Received: 11 June 2019
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Revised: 10 July 2019
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Accepted: 15 July 2019
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Published: 17 July 2019
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells are key early events in the neoplastic progression of cervical lesions. The viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, are responsible for the initial changes in epithelial cells. The viral proteins inactivate two main tumour suppressor proteins, p53, and retinoblastoma (pRb). Inactivation of these host proteins disrupts both the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Multiple genes involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation, growth factor activity, angiogenesis, as well as mitogenesis genes become highly expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. This genomic instability encourages HPV-infected cells to progress towards invasive carcinoma. The key molecular events involved in cervical carcinogenesis will be discussed in this review.
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Keywords:
cervical cancer; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus; carcinogenesis; viral oncoprotein; tumour suppressor gene
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MDPI and ACS Style
Balasubramaniam, S.D.; Balakrishnan, V.; Oon, C.E.; Kaur, G. Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development. Medicina 2019, 55, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
AMA Style
Balasubramaniam SD, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE, Kaur G. Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development. Medicina. 2019; 55(7):384. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalasubramaniam, Shandra D., Venugopal Balakrishnan, Chern E. Oon, and Gurjeet Kaur. 2019. "Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development" Medicina 55, no. 7: 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
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