Drimia indica: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Its Potential for Clinical Uses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Geographical Distribution
4. Botanical Description
5. Ethnobotany
Kolkandah katuschoshnah krimidoshvinashanah,Vantihrichchhardishmano vishdoshnivaranah.[Shloka No. 7/84]
6. Pharmacological Activities
6.1. Anthelmintic Activity
6.2. Antitumour Activity
6.3. Antimicrobial Activity
6.4. Antioxidant Activity
6.5. Antidiabetic Activity
6.6. Bronchodilator Activity
6.7. Gastrointestinal Stimulatory Activity
6.8. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities
6.9. Wound Healing Activity
7. Toxicity Studies
8. Secondary Metabolites
9. Future Perspectives and Recommendations
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Constituents | Plant Part | Structure No. | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Alkylresorcinols | |||
Cichoriol A | Bulb | 1 | [10] |
Urgineol A | Bulb | 2 | [10] |
Urgineol B | Bulb | 3 | [10] |
Urgineol C | Bulb | 4 | [10] |
Urgineol D | Bulb | 5 | [10] |
Urgineol E | Bulb | 6 | [10] |
Urgineol F | Bulb | 7 | [10] |
Bufadienolides | |||
Anhydroscilliphaeosidin | Bulb | 8 | [53] |
Proscillaridin A/Scillarenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside | Bulb and root | 9 | [53,56] |
Scillaren A/Scillarenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosido-β-d-glucoside | Bulb and root | 10 | [53,56] |
Scilliphaeoside | Bulb and root | 11 | [53] |
Scillarenin | Bulb and root | 12 | [53] |
Scilliglaucosidin-3-O-β-d-glucoside | Bulb | 13 | [56] |
Scilliglaucosidin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside | Bulb | 14 | [56] |
Scilliphaeosidin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside | Bulb | 15 | [56] |
Flavonoids | |||
5,6-Dimethoxy-3′,4′-dioxymethylene-7-O-(6″-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) flavanone | Bulb | 16 | [54] |
5,4′-Dihydroxy-3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-6-C- glucopyranosyl-7-O-(6″-cis-p-coumaroyl-β-d- glucopyranosyl) flavone | Bulb | 17 | [54] |
5,4′-Dihydroxy-3-O-(2′′′″-β- glucopyranosyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-6-C-glucopyranosyl-7-O-(6″-cis-p-coumaroyl-β-d- glucopyranosyl) flavone | Bulb | 18 | [54] |
Apigenin | Leaf | 19 | [7] |
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[4′-hydroxy-3′-(methoxymethyl) phenyl]-6-C-β-glucopyranosyl flavone | Bulb | 20 | [44] |
Kaempferol | Scape | 21 | [7] |
Luteolin | Bulb | 22 | [7] |
5,7,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-7-O-(6″-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl flavone | Bulb | 23 | [44] |
5,4′-Dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-7-O-β-d- glucopyranosyl flavone | Bulb | 24 | [44] |
Quercetin | Bulb, leaf, and scape | 25 | [7] |
Phenolic compounds | |||
Coumarin | Bulb | 26 | [7] |
Salicylic acid | Bulb | 27 | [7] |
Phytosterols | |||
Campesterol | Bulb, leaf, and root | 28 | [57] |
β-Sitosterol | Bulb, leaf, and root | 29 | [57] |
Stigmasterol | Bulb, leaf, and root | 30 | [57] |
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Aswal, S.; Kumar, A.; Semwal, R.B.; Chauhan, A.; Kumar, A.; Lehmann, J.; Semwal, D.K. Drimia indica: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Its Potential for Clinical Uses. Medicina 2019, 55, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060255
Aswal S, Kumar A, Semwal RB, Chauhan A, Kumar A, Lehmann J, Semwal DK. Drimia indica: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Its Potential for Clinical Uses. Medicina. 2019; 55(6):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060255
Chicago/Turabian StyleAswal, Sonali, Ankit Kumar, Ruchi Badoni Semwal, Ashutosh Chauhan, Abhimanyu Kumar, Jörg Lehmann, and Deepak Kumar Semwal. 2019. "Drimia indica: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Its Potential for Clinical Uses" Medicina 55, no. 6: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060255