Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bennett, H.A.; Einarson, A.; Taddio, A.; Koren, G.; Einarson, T.R. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004, 103, 698–709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dunkel Schetter, C.; Tanner, L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: Implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2012, 25, 141–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Glynn, L.M.; Schetter, C.D.; Hobel, C.J.; Sandman, C.A. Pattern of perceived stress and anxiety in pregnancy predicts preterm birth. Health Psychol. Off. J. Div. Health Psychol. Am. Psychol. Assoc. 2008, 27, 43–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mirghafourvand, M.; Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S.; Asghari Jafarabadi, M.; Shiri, F.; Ghanbari-Homayi, S. Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity of the Iranian Version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Pregnancy. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J. 2016, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Morin, M.; Vayssiere, C.; Claris, O.; Irague, F.; Mallah, S.; Molinier, L.; Matillon, Y. Evaluation of the quality of life of pregnant women from 2005 to 2015. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2017, 214, 115–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lagadec, N.; Steinecker, M.; Kapassi, A.; Magnier, A.M.; Chastang, J.; Robert, S.; Gaouaou, N.; Ibanez, G. Factors influencing the quality of life of pregnant women: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018, 18, 455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Inskip, H.M.; Crozier, S.R.; Godfrey, K.M.; Borland, S.E.; Cooper, C.; Robinson, S.M. Women’s compliance with nutrition and lifestyle recommendations before pregnancy: general population cohort study. BMJ 2009, 338, b481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chandranipapongse, W.; Koren, G. Preconception counseling for preventable risks. Can. Fam. Physician 2013, 59, 737–739. [Google Scholar]
- Poskus, T.; Buzinskienė, D.; Drasutiene, G.; Samalavicius, N.; Barkus, A.; Barisauskiene, A.; Tutkuviene, J.; Sakalauskaite, I.; Drasutis, J.; Jasulaitis, A.; et al. Haemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2014, 121, 1666–1671. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jomeen, J.; Martin, C.R. The factor structure of the SF-36 in early pregnancy. J. Psychosom. Res. 2005, 59, 131–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, S.-R.; Chen, K.-H.; Lin, M.-I.; Lin, H.-H.; Huang, L.-H.; Lin, W.-A. A repeated measures study of changes in health-related quality of life during pregnancy and the relationship with obstetric factors. J. Adv. Nurs. 2014, 70, 2245–2256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Greden, J.F. Anxiety or caffeinism: a diagnostic dilemma. Am. J. Psychiatry 1974, 131, 1089–1092. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lacasse, A.; Rey, E.; Ferreira, E.; Morin, C.; Bérard, A. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: what about quality of life? BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2008, 115, 1484–1493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Watt, M.H.; Eaton, L.A.; Choi, K.W.; Velloza, J.; Kalichman, S.C.; Skinner, D.; Sikkema, K.J. “It’s better for me to drink, at least the stress is going away”: perspectives on alcohol use during pregnancy among South African women attending drinking establishments. Soc. Sci. Med. 1982 2014, 116, 119–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baum-Baicker, C. The psychological benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: A review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1985, 15, 305–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patra, J.; Bakker, R.; Irving, H.; Jaddoe, V.W.V.; Malini, S.; Rehm, J. Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA)-a systematic review and meta-analyses. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2011, 118, 1411–1421. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pruett, D.; Waterman, E.H.; Caughey, A.B. Fetal alcohol exposure: consequences, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 2013, 68, 62–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Makrides, M.; Crowther, C.A.; Gibson, R.A.; Gibson, R.S.; Skeaff, C.M. Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose iron supplements during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 78, 145–153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johannessen, H.; Mørkved, S.; Stordahl, A.; Sandvik, L.; Wibe, A. Anal incontinence and Quality of Life in late pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2014, 121, 978–987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hama, K.; Takamura, N.; Honda, S.; Abe, Y.; Yagura, C.; Miyamura, T.; Obama, M.; Morisaki, M.; Imamura, S.; Aoyagi, K. Evaluation of Quality of Life in Japanese Normal Pregnant Women. Acta Med. Nagasakiensa 2007, 52, 95–99. [Google Scholar]
- Rodriguez, A.; Bohlin, G.; Lindmark, G. Symptoms across pregnancy in relation to psychosocial and biomedical factors. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2001, 80, 213–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Monard, B.; Sagon, M.-J.; Chehab, M.; Riethmuller, D.; Ramanah, R. Post-partum quality of life after second degree perineal tears. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2016, 206, e78–e79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Handa, V.L.; Blomquist, J.L.; McDermott, K.C.; Friedman, S.; Muñoz, A. Pelvic Floor Disorders After Childbirth: Effect of Episiotomy, Perineal Laceration, and Operative Birth. Obstet. Gynecol. 2012, 119, 233–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Beckmann, M.M.; Stock, O.M. Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013, CD005123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stamp, G.; Kruzins, G.; Crowther, C. Perineal massage in labour and prevention of perineal trauma: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2001, 322, 1277–1280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hanisch, L.J.; Bennett, I.M.; Freeman, E.W.; Coyne, J.C. Hot flashes during pregnancy: a comparative study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2010, 151, 38–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Evenson, K.R.; Barakat, R.; Brown, W.J.; Dargent-Molina, P.; Haruna, M.; Mikkelsen, E.M.; Mottola, M.F.; Owe, K.M.; Rousham, E.K.; Yeo, S. Guidelines for Physical Activity during Pregnancy: Comparisons From Around the World. Am. J. Lifestyle Med. 2014, 8, 102–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- ACOG Committee. Opinion, No. 650: Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. - PubMed - NCBI. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595585 (accessed on 8 June 2019).
- Haas, J.S.; Jackson, R.A.; Fuentes-Afflick, E.; Stewart, A.L.; Dean, M.L.; Brawarsky, P.; Escobar, G.J. Changes in the health status of women during and after pregnancy. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2005, 20, 45–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hueston, W.J.; Kasik-Miller, S. Changes in functional health status during normal pregnancy. J. Fam. Pract. 1998, 47, 209–212. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Förger, F.; Østensen, M.; Schumacher, A.; Villiger, P.M. Impact of pregnancy on health related quality of life evaluated prospectively in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases by the SF-36 health survey. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2005, 64, 1494–1499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boulet, S.L.; Alexander, G.R.; Salihu, H.M.; Pass, M. Macrosomic births in the united states: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003, 188, 1372–1378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Raio, L.; Ghezzi, F.; Di Naro, E.; Buttarelli, M.; Franchi, M.; Dürig, P.; Brühwiler, H. Perinatal outcome of fetuses with a birth weight greater than 4500 g: an analysis of 3356 cases. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2003, 109, 160–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Friedlander, Y.; Paltiel, O.; Manor, O.; Deutsch, L.; Yanetz, R.; Calderon, R.; Siscovick, D.S.; Harlap, S. Birthweight of Offspring and Mortality of Parents: The Jerusalem Perinatal Study Cohort. Ann. Epidemiol. 2007, 17, 914–922. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Shastri, L.; Pammal, R.S.; Mani, I.; Thomas, T.; Kurpad, A.V. Oxidative stress during early pregnancy and birth outcomes. Public Health Nutr. 2016, 19, 3210–3215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Characteristics | Study Group (n = 440) |
---|---|
Patients’ age (years) (mean ± SD) | 28.7 ± 5.6 |
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) (median (range)) | 23.1 (15.4–43.8) |
Gravidity (n (%)) Nulligravida Multigravida | 199 (45.2%) 241 (54.8%) |
Parity (n (%)) Nulliparous Multiparous | 208 (47.3%) 232 (52.7%) |
Marital status (n (%)) Single Married or partnership | 107 (24.3%) 333 (75.7%) |
Maternal education (n (%)) High school Incomplete university or college degree University of college degree | 60 (13.6%) 167 (38.0%) 213 (48.4%) |
Living area (n (%)) Urban Rural | 351 (79.8%) 89 (20.2%) |
Monthly household income (n (%)) Less than average (<850 euros) Average (850 euros) Above average (more than 850 euros) | 52 (11.8%) 326 (74.1%) 62 (14.1%) |
SF-36 Domains | Study Group (n = 440) |
---|---|
Physical function (median (IQR)) | 75.0 (60.0–100.0) |
Physical role function (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (0.0–100.0) |
Emotional role function (median (IQR)) | 66.7 (0.0–100.0) |
Vitality (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (40.0–65.0) |
Emotional well-being (median (IQR)) | 52.0 (40.0–68.0) |
Social functioning (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (37.5–100.0) |
Bodily pain (median (IQR)) | 55.0 (45.0–100.0) |
General health perceptions (median (IQR)) | 45.0 (40.0–50.0) |
Perceived change in health (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (25.0–50.0) |
Mental health score (MCS) (median (IQR)) | 50.1 (39.4–59.0) |
Physical health score (PCS) (median (IQR)) | 48.2 (41.0–63.3) |
Variable | Unstandardized Beta Coefficients | p-Value |
---|---|---|
(Constant) | 78.404 | <0.001 |
Dietary | ||
Coffee consumption | −2.539 | 0.002 |
How often fish and fish products are consumed weekly | −1.430 | 0.001 |
How often meat and meat products are consumed weekly | 0.968 | 0.020 |
How often fruits and vegetables are consumed weekly | −0.883 | 0.011 |
How often milk and dairy products are consumed weekly | 0.922 | 0.025 |
How often warm food is eaten during the day | −1.556 | <0.001 |
Taste is the main criteria when choosing groceries | −2.179 | <0.001 |
Snacking between meals | −4.994 | 0.001 |
Use of oral nutritional supplements (except folic acid and iron supplements) | −2.662 | <0.001 |
Peri-anal symptoms | ||
Perianal pain during pregnancy | −7.600 | <0.001 |
Defecation less than 3 times a week | −6.590 | <0.001 |
Straining during defecation | 3.509 | <0.001 |
Pain during and after defecation | −2.732 | 0.002 |
Physical variables | ||
Current body weight | −0.060 | 0.016 |
Rh(D) positive blood group | −2.106 | 0.006 |
Obstetric history | ||
History of perineal tear during delivery | −3.768 | <0.001 |
Number of pregnancies | −1.978 | 0.001 |
Socioeconomic variables | ||
Cold working environment | 4.317 | <0.001 |
Good living conditions | 3.147 | <0.001 |
Living in an urban area | −2.563 | 0.002 |
Secondhand smoking | 1.848 | 0.005 |
Noisy environment more than 6 hours a day | −3.305 | 0.010 |
Lifting more than 10 kilograms daily | −4.374 | 0.001 |
Variable | Unstandardized Beta Coefficients | p-Value |
---|---|---|
(Constant) | 57.079 | <0.001 |
Dietary | ||
Coffee consumption | −1.861 | 0.031 |
Alcohol consumption | 2.653 | 0.001 |
How often fruits and vegetables are consumed weekly | −1.905 | <0.001 |
How often grain products are consumed weekly | −0.938 | 0.010 |
How often products containing flour are consumed weekly | 1.370 | 0.001 |
Meals eaten daily | 0.908 | 0.038 |
Use of iron supplements | 1.632 | 0.010 |
Use of folic acid supplements | −2.006 | 0.016 |
Peri-anal symptoms | ||
Perianal pain during pregnancy | −5.464 | <0.001 |
Defecation less than 3 times a week | −4.744 | <0.001 |
Straining during defecation | 3.574 | <0.001 |
Obstacle feeling during defecation | −3.239 | 0.001 |
Fecal incontinence that requires a pad | −6.281 | <0.001 |
Fecal incontinence that requires to change the lifestyle | 6.129 | 0.002 |
Obstetric history | ||
History of perineal tear during delivery | −2.035 | 0.004 |
Body weight gain during pregnancy | −0.108 | 0.044 |
Socioeconomic variables | ||
Exercising weekly | 1.364 | <0.001 |
Too intensive physical activity | −8.427 | 0.019 |
Emotional distress at work | −1.868 | 0.002 |
Working with computer | 2.627 | <0.001 |
Dusty working environment | −2.952 | 0.005 |
Cold working environment | 2.603 | 0.026 |
QOL Variables | Newborn Weight | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Birth Weight (<10 Percentile) (n = 17) | Normal Weight (10–90 Percentile) (n = 226) | Large for Gestational Age (>90 Percentile) (n = 37) | Low Birth Weight vs. Normal Weight | Low Birth Weight vs. Large for Gestational Age | Normal Weight vs. Large for Gestational Age | |
MCS (median (IQR)) | 48.2 (40.1–55.5) | 42.1 (39.5–53.44) | 39.4 (39.0–40.4) | 0.599 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
PCS (median (IQR)) | 51.44 (40.8–63.5) | 43.0 (40.0–63.4) | 41.0 (39.3–41.4) | 0.413 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jakubauskiene, L.; Jakubauskas, M.; Mainelis, A.; Buzinskiene, D.; Drasutiene, G.; Ramasauskaite, D.; Poskus, T. Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicina 2019, 55, 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666
Jakubauskiene L, Jakubauskas M, Mainelis A, Buzinskiene D, Drasutiene G, Ramasauskaite D, Poskus T. Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicina. 2019; 55(10):666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666
Chicago/Turabian StyleJakubauskiene, Lina, Matas Jakubauskas, Antanas Mainelis, Diana Buzinskiene, Grazina Drasutiene, Diana Ramasauskaite, and Tomas Poskus. 2019. "Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study" Medicina 55, no. 10: 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666
APA StyleJakubauskiene, L., Jakubauskas, M., Mainelis, A., Buzinskiene, D., Drasutiene, G., Ramasauskaite, D., & Poskus, T. (2019). Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicina, 55(10), 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666