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Article

Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2

by
Noam Erez
1,*,
Hagit Achdout
1,
Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
1,
Shimrit Adutler-Lieber
1,
Liat Bar-On
2,
Erez Bar-Haim
2,
Boaz Politi
1,
Einat B. Vitner
1,
Hadas Tamir
1,
Sharon Melamed
1,
Nir Paran
1 and
Tomer Israely
1,*
1
Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(10), 7944-7955; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45100502
Submission received: 21 August 2023 / Revised: 26 September 2023 / Accepted: 26 September 2023 / Published: 28 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human and Animal Infectious Diseases: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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Abstract

Following viral infection, T-cells are crucial for an effective immune response to intracellular pathogens, including respiratory viruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse assays were required in pre-clinical trials to evaluate the immune response following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and assess the response following exposure to the virus. To assess the nature and potency of the cellular response to infection or vaccination, a reliable and specific activity assay was needed. A cellular activity assay based on the presentation of short peptides (epitopes) allows the identification of T cell epitopes displayed on different alleles of the MHC, shedding light on the strength of the immune response towards antigens and aiding in antigen design for vaccination. In this report, we describe two approaches for scanning T cell epitopes on the surface glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 (spike), which is utilized for attachment and entry and serves as an antigen in many vaccine candidates. We demonstrate that epitope scanning is feasible using peptide libraries or computational scanning combined with a cellular activity assay. Our scans identified four CD8 T cell epitopes, including one novel undescribed epitope. These epitopes enabled us to establish a reliable T-cell response assay, which was examined and used in various experimental mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. These approaches could potentially aid in future antigen design for vaccination and establish cellular activity assays against uncharacterized antigens of emerging pathogens.
Keywords: immune response; T-cell; T-cell epitope; SARS-CoV-2; mouse immune response; T-cell; T-cell epitope; SARS-CoV-2; mouse

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MDPI and ACS Style

Erez, N.; Achdout, H.; Yahalom-Ronen, Y.; Adutler-Lieber, S.; Bar-On, L.; Bar-Haim, E.; Politi, B.; Vitner, E.B.; Tamir, H.; Melamed, S.; et al. Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 7944-7955. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45100502

AMA Style

Erez N, Achdout H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Adutler-Lieber S, Bar-On L, Bar-Haim E, Politi B, Vitner EB, Tamir H, Melamed S, et al. Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(10):7944-7955. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45100502

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erez, Noam, Hagit Achdout, Yfat Yahalom-Ronen, Shimrit Adutler-Lieber, Liat Bar-On, Erez Bar-Haim, Boaz Politi, Einat B. Vitner, Hadas Tamir, Sharon Melamed, and et al. 2023. "Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 10: 7944-7955. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45100502

APA Style

Erez, N., Achdout, H., Yahalom-Ronen, Y., Adutler-Lieber, S., Bar-On, L., Bar-Haim, E., Politi, B., Vitner, E. B., Tamir, H., Melamed, S., Paran, N., & Israely, T. (2023). Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Using a Combined In-Silico and Experimental Approach in a Mouse Model for SARS-CoV-2. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(10), 7944-7955. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45100502

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