Previous Article in Journal
Daflon Enhances Morphine Analgesia and Mitigates Tolerance in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Lubricants and Glidants Case Study

by
Sunidhi Bachawala
1,
Dominik Tomasz Nasilowski
1 and
Marcial Gonzalez
1,2,*
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
2
Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(10), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101514
Submission received: 8 August 2025 / Revised: 20 September 2025 / Accepted: 25 September 2025 / Published: 9 October 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Glidants and lubricants are commonly used pharmaceutical excipients that enhance powder flowability and reduce inter-particle friction, respectively, but they also negatively impact critical quality attributes such as tablet tensile strength and drug release rate. Quantifying these effects is essential as the pharmaceutical industry transitions from batch to continuous manufacturing. Methods: This study develops a rational-function-based modeling approach to capture the effects of lubricants and glidants on tableting. The framework automatically identifies upstream critical material attributes and process parameters, such as excipient concentration and mixing time, and describes their coupling to first and second orders. Reduced-order models were constructed to evaluate the influence of these variables on the four stages of powder compaction—die filling, compaction, unloading, and ejection—using formulations composed of 10% acetaminophen, microcrystalline cellulose, and varying small concentrations of magnesium stearate or colloidal silica. Tablets were fabricated across a wide range of relative densities by varying dosing position and turret speed. Results: The modeling approach successfully quantified the effects of lubricant and glidant mixing conditions on each compaction stage, providing mechanistic insight into how upstream conditions propagate through the tableting process and influence critical quality attributes. Conclusions: Overall, the rational-function-based framework offers a systematic approach to quantify and predict the impact of lubricants and glidants on tablet performance, thereby enhancing product and process understanding in continuous manufacturing.
Keywords: tableting; reduced-order models; bivariate rational functions; glidants; lubricants tableting; reduced-order models; bivariate rational functions; glidants; lubricants
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bachawala, S.; Nasilowski, D.T.; Gonzalez, M. Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Lubricants and Glidants Case Study. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101514

AMA Style

Bachawala S, Nasilowski DT, Gonzalez M. Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Lubricants and Glidants Case Study. Pharmaceuticals. 2025; 18(10):1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101514

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bachawala, Sunidhi, Dominik Tomasz Nasilowski, and Marcial Gonzalez. 2025. "Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Lubricants and Glidants Case Study" Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 10: 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101514

APA Style

Bachawala, S., Nasilowski, D. T., & Gonzalez, M. (2025). Rational Function-Based Approach for Integrating Tableting Reduced-Order Models with Upstream Unit Operations: Lubricants and Glidants Case Study. Pharmaceuticals, 18(10), 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101514

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop